地膜覆盖对土壤微生态环境的影响  

Influence of plastic film mulching on soil micro-ecological environment

作　　者：倪丽佳[1] 李非里[1] 刘秋亚[1] 李丽丽[1] 杨成 黄海凤[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学生物与环境工程学院,浙江杭州310032 [2]宁波阿拉酿酒有限公司,浙江宁波315800

出　　处：《浙江工业大学学报》2011年第4期407-410,共4页Journal of Zhejiang University of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40703020);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)资助项目(2009CB119006)

摘　　要：在杭州及近郊分别采用盆栽实验和大田采样,对蚕豆、莴苣2种农作物体系下,覆膜种植方式对土壤温度、pH、有机质、土壤微生物及酶活性等的影响进行了研究.在盆栽实验的连续观测中,覆膜土壤的平均温度较对照组增加了0.8℃.盆栽实验和大田采样结果表明：覆膜后土壤含水量增加了6.18%-10.02%,而土壤pH和有机质变化不明显;覆膜方式下,土壤中细菌和真菌的数量分别增加了29.0%-29.1%和17.3%-51.9%,而放线菌的变化较为复杂,大田采样的覆膜土壤中放线菌数量较对照组低了46.2%,而在盆栽实验中变化不大;覆膜方式对土壤微生物结构的影响在盆栽实验中不明显,而在大田中,则主要降低了放线菌的比例,降幅达58.0%.土壤酶活性的分析结果表明：覆膜种植方式主要降低了土壤中脲酶的活性（-31.6%）,而对土壤酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响较小.Outdoor pot or/and field experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of plastic film mulching on the soil temperature,soil pH,soil organic matter,soil microorganisms and soil activity on two types of vegetable.The pot experiments showed that the soil temperature was increased by 0.8 ℃ under plastic film mulching.And both pot and field experiments showed that under plastic film mulching,the soil moisture was increased by 6.18%-10.02%,while soil pH and soil organic matter were less affected.The amount of bacteria and fungi in mulching soil was increased by 29.0%-29.1% and 17.3%-51.9%,respectively.The behave of actinomycetes,however,was more complicated.It was decreased by 46.2% in field mulching soils,but less affected in the pot soils.The microbial community structure was less changed in pot soil,but the percentage of actinomycetes was decreased by 58.0% than the control group in field soil.Soil enzyme analysis showed that the urease was decreased obviously in the mulching soil,while the phosphatase and the catalase were less affected.

关 键 词：覆膜栽培 土壤理化性质 土壤微生物 酶活性 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]