扎龙湿地春季大型底栖动物群落结构与水质生物评价  

Community Structure of Macrozoobenthos in Zhalong Wetlands in Spring and Its Water Quality Assessment

作　　者：刘曼红[1] 于洪贤 刘茂奇 郭伟杰[3] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江省引嫩工程管理处 [3]中国科学院水生生物研究所

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2011年第8期73-76,共4页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30670350);黑龙江省科技攻关项目(GB09C103)

摘　　要：于2008年春季,用Peterson采泥器对扎龙湿地自然保护区7个采样点的大型底栖动物群落结构进行研究,利用指示生物结合生物学指数进行水质评价。研究结果表明,扎龙湿地自然保护区大型底栖动物种类丰富,生物多样性较高,共发现大型底栖动物64种,隶属于3门6纲。昆虫纲和腹足纲为绝对优势类群,分别为37种和16种;寡毛纲5种,甲壳纲动物3种,蛭纲2种,瓣鳃纲只1种。物种分析得到中华圆田螺(Cipangopaludinacahayensis)和细长摇蚊(Chironomus attenuatus)为扎龙湿地的优势种。大型底栖动物密度各样点呈现一定差异,D6#最大,为1 120个/m2,而D7#最小,为241个/m2。扎龙湿地大型底栖动物平均生物量(B)为12.40 g/m2,变化范围为1.76～25.30 g/m2,平均生物量(B)为12.40 g/m2,变化范围为1.76(B4#)～25.30 g/m2(B5#),Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')和Margalef丰富度指数(d)分别为3.40为2.76,采用生物学污染指数(IBP)与Chandler生物指数(ICB)对扎龙湿地的水质进行生物评价,结果表明,目前水体处于中度污染状态。Macrozoobenthos were sampled by Peterson grab to study the community structure in spring in Zhalong Nature Reserve. The water quality of Zhalong Wetland was evaluated by ecological indicators combined with biological indices. Results indicate that the macrozoobenthos in Zhalong Wetland with high species diversity are abundant. A total of 64 species of macrozoobenthos, belonging to 3 phyla and 6 orders, were found in the study area. Insecta and Gastropoda are absolutely dominant ecological groups, which are 37 species and 16 species respectively. Five species belong to Oligochaeta, 3 species to Crustacea, 2 species to Hirudinea, only 1 species belongs to Lamellibranchia. Cipangopaludina cahayensis and Chironomus attenuatus are dominate species in Zhalong Wetland. Species densities are different in every sampling site. The maximum value is l 120 individuals per square meter, and the minimum value is 241 individuals per square meter. Biomass ranges from 1.76 g/m^2 to 25.30 g/m^2 in the seven sampling sites, with a mean biomass of 12.40 g/m^2. Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Marga]cf richness index are 3.40 and 2.76, respectively. The water quality assessment by the biological index of pollution and Chandler Biotic Index shows that Zbalong Wetland is moderately polluted.

关 键 词：扎龙湿地自然保护区 大型底栖动物 群落结构 生物评价 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]