肥效评价的生态平衡施肥理论体系、指标体系及其实证  

Theory System, Index System of Ecological Balanced Fertilization and Demonstration for Fertilizer Efficiency Evaluation

作　　者：侯彦林[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2011年第7期1257-1266,共10页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(农业部环境保护科研监测所)资助项目(WN-2011-8)

摘　　要：根据生态平衡施肥理论和实践,在综合评价肥料利用率及其算法前提下,提出了肥效评价的生态平衡施肥理论体系和指标体系,并进行了实证。理论体系包括:(1)以生态平衡施肥的多目标优化施肥为核心内容,即生态平衡施肥是以适宜的肥料成本、保证粮食产量和品质、持续培肥或保持土壤肥力平衡、减少施肥污染的多目标优化;(2)从操作上定义了多个评价指标,并可通过普通肥料田间试验求算;(3)指标体系包括评价肥效和指导施肥双重功能;(4)确立了肥效评价指标体系建立的方法。指标体系包括4方面9项指标:①用产量评价的指标有肥料转化率、最低肥料转化率、最高肥料转化率、平均肥料转化率;②考虑对环境负面影响的指标有肥料离土率、生态施肥量上限;③考虑土壤培肥的指标有培肥施肥量下限;④考虑土壤和肥料共同作用的指标有土壤-肥料养分表观转化率和土壤-肥料养分表观离土率。Theory and index systems of fertilizer efficiency evaluation were demonstrated and proposed according to the theory and practice of ecological balanced fertilization under synthesize evaluate fertilizer use efficiency and its calculation method. The theory system of fertilizer efficiency evaluation contained：（1）Multi-target optimize fertilization of ecological balanced fertilization was core content, which means reasonable fertilizer cost, the grain yield and quality can be ensured, sustaining fertilization or maintaining the balance of soil fertility, reducing fertilization pollution; （2）Multi-valuation indexes were defined under operational level and those indexes could be calculated by general fertilizer field experiments; （3）The index system contained fertilizer efficiency evaluation and decision fertilization functions; （4）Method of fertilizer efficiency evaluation index system establishment was established. The index system of fertilizer efficiency evaluation contained four aspects and nine indexes：①The index valued by yield contains fertilizer yield（FY）, minimum fertilizer yield（Min-FY）, maximum fertilizer yield（Max-FY） and average fertilizer yield（A-FY）. ②The index for considering environmental side effect contained fertilizer leave rate（FLR） and upper limit of ecological fertilization amount（UL-EFA）. ③The index for considering soil fertilization was lower limit of soil fertilization amount（LL-SFA）. ④The index for considering the interaction of soil and fertilizer contains soil-and fertilizer apparent yield（S-FY） and soil and fertilizer apparent leave rate（S-FLR）.

关 键 词：肥料利用率 肥料转化率 生态平衡施肥 理论体系 指标体系 

分 类 号：S147.21[农业科学—肥料学]