重庆特有濒危植物缙云黄芩的繁育系统研究  

Floral Biology and Breeding System of Endangered Plant Scutellaria tsinyunensis Endemic to Chongqing,China

作　　者：刘开全[1,2] 邓洪平[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学生命科学学院,三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,北碚400715 [2]曲靖师范学院生物资源与环境科学学院,曲靖655011

出　　处：《植物研究》2011年第4期403-407,442,共6页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：重庆市自然科学基金(CSTC2008BB5256);211工程建设经费

摘　　要：缙云黄芩(Scutellaria tsinyunensis)为重庆市缙云山特有分布种,目前已经处于濒危状态。本文在定点观测的基础上,运用过氧化氢检测法、花粉-胚珠比(P/O)和套袋实验等方法对缙云黄芩的开花特征和繁育系统进行了分析。结果表明:缙云黄芩花展示和花设计具有适合蜂类等传粉昆虫的传粉综合征,熊蜂(Bombus)和食芽蝇为主要的访花者,P/O为7 618±390,繁育系统为专性异交,传粉套袋实验也证实其必需传粉者异花传粉且可能自交不亲和;其雌雄蕊紧靠的花部结构及花粉活力和柱头可授性低、昆虫的访花频率较低等内外因素致使其自然坐果率较低(20.08%)且结实少(5.6个/株)。由于缙云黄芩小坚果萌发率较低,其有性生殖能力较低,居群扩大困难,应尽快采用人工栽培助其复壮等保护措施。Scutellaria tsinyunensis is an endangered plant species endemic to Jinyun Mountain in Chongqing,China.This paper focuses on the floral biology and breeding system of S.tsinyunensis by using yield observation,stigma receptivity test,pollen-ovule ratio,out-crossing index,and fruit set under a serious pollination treatments.The results show that the floral display and floral design of S.tsinyunensis have a type of pollination syndrome fit for insects without nectary,Bombus and Syrphidae are the main pollinators.P/O ratios were 7618±390,indicated that the breeding system was xenogamy.S.tsinyunensis is a self-incompatibility species demonstrated by the pollen transfer experiments.Besides the sexual interference and lower pollen viability and stigma receptivity,the limit of climate to pollination and no enough pollinator visiting contribute to the lower percentage of fruit setting,which is only about 20.08%.Considered the lower fruit set number（about 5.6/plant） and lower percentage of seed germination（only about 3%）,the lower ability of reproduction may be the direct reason for the endangered status of S.tsinyunensis.

关 键 词：缙云黄芩 开花特征 繁育系统 濒危机制 

分 类 号：Q944.57[生物学—植物学]