基于不透水表面指数的城市地表覆被格局特征--以深圳市为例  

Using ISA to Analyze the Spatial Pattern of Urban Land Cover Change:A Case Study in Shenzhen

作　　者：刘珍环[1] 王仰麟[1] 彭建[1] 谢苗苗[2] 李猷[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学城市与环境学院,地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室,北京100871 [2]中国地质大学(北京)土地科学技术学院,北京100083

出　　处：《地理学报》2011年第7期961-971,共11页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(40635028)和青年项目(40801066)资助~~

摘　　要：以遥感数据进行土地利用/覆被分类为基础,利用景观格局指数研究快速城市化地区地表覆被格局变化时,面临两大难题,即①混合像元影响分类的精度存在不确定性,直接影响格局分析结论的可靠性;②景观格局指数,难以有效分析城市内部局部地区景观格局演变过程的变化特征。针对上述关键问题,本文以不透水表面组分表征城市的主体景观,运用地统计学及剖面线方法分析深圳市地表覆被格局的空间分异及其演变特征。结果表明:①1990-2005年,深圳地表覆被空间格局经历了分散—单中心聚集—多中心分散—多中心聚集的演变过程,在经历了东西—西北东南—东北西南—南北方向的发展过程后,景观整体的自相关程度高,空间梯度差异小。1990年的不透水表面组分比2005年低20%～40%,并且早期局地变化波动较大,后期变化波动明显减小。在局地空间演变上,老城区变化小,新城区及工业区变化大,城市不透水表面的局地空间差异性显著缩小。②城市不透水表面具有显著的梯度特征,在空间上主要呈现连续渐变的特点,因而在格局分析方法上,地统计学与剖面线方法可以同时从整体和局地两个层次对空间格局演变进行有效刻画。Based on land cover classification data,there are two key problems that has been often overlooked when we use indices method to analyze the landscape pattern of land cover in rapid urbanization areas.One is mixed pixel involved in the classification process,which has impact on classification accuracy and the final conclusion of landscape pattern analysis.The other is that it is difficult for landscape pattern indices method to detect the change in a pixel and local urban areas,which can only explain the macro regional patterns of urbanization.To solve these problems,based on continuous data,Linear Spectral Method Analysis（LSMA） is used to acquire the index of Impervious Surface Area（ISA） in this case study,considering impervious surface component as the main landscape in urban areas.Thus,we can effectively analyze the spatial pattern and expansion processes of urbanization.Taking Shenzhen as a study area,spatial autocorrelation,semi-variance function and other geo-statistical methods are used to reveal the macro spatial-temporal patterns of a continuous landscape change,and fractal dimension and profile methods are also used to analyze urban landscape along the change direction of location.The results indicated that the continuous landscape metrics and geostatistical methods can help us to understand the spatial and temporal changes of urbanization at regional and local levels,since land cover change,especially in rapid urbanization areas,has a significant gradient characteristic and spatial continuity.

关 键 词：不透水表面指数 线性光谱分离技术 地统计学方法 空间格局分异及演变 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感]