荒漠草原典型植物群落枯落物生态水文功能  

Ecohydrology function of representative plant community litter in desert steppe

作　　者：李学斌[1] 马琳[1] 杨新国[1] 宋乃平[1] 许冬梅[1] 谢应忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2011年第5期834-838,共5页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重大基础研究前期研究专项(2009CB42604;2010CB434800);国家自然科学基金项目(30960268);宁夏自然科学基金项目(NZ1017);宁夏大学自然科学基金项目(NDZR10-63)

摘　　要：在退化荒漠草原生态系统恢复过程中,枯落物是联系植被和土壤物质循环与能量流动的重要中间环节,且发挥着重要的生态水文功能。通过调查荒漠草原5种典型植物群落（蒙古冰草群落、甘草群落、赖草群落、杂类草群落和沙蒿群落）枯落物蓄积量、持水性能、对降雨的截留和对土壤水分蒸发的抑制作用,分析了荒漠草原不同植被类型枯落物的生态水文功能。结果表明：枯落物蓄积量和最大持水量均为蒙古冰草群落〉甘草群落〉赖草群落〉杂类草群落〉沙蒿群落;5种群落枯落物层对降雨的截留量在3.36～5.27 mm,截留率在3.40%～6.82%,枯落物对降雨的截留量与降雨量呈正相关,而降雨量与截留率呈负相关,且枯落物对降雨的截留具有显著的季节变化规律。在不同枯落物覆盖下,枯落物对土壤的抑制效应也存在显著差异,0.5~2 cm覆盖厚度比不盖枯落物土壤水分蒸发减少了19.25%～76.82%,枯落物层减少土壤水分蒸发效应随枯落物层厚度增大而增加。枯落物的蓄积与覆盖对土壤水分的运移和蓄存产生明显的生物学作用,已经成为荒漠草原最重要的生态过程之一。During the recovery of degraded desert steppe ecosystem, litter becomes the important intermediate link between the vegetation and soil circulation of materials and Energy Flow, and it has important effect of ecohydrology. The paper analyses hydro- logical functions of litter of the different vegetation types in desert steppe under the enclosed conditions through investigating five typical plant community in desert steppe （Agropyron mongolicum, licorice community, leymus communities, tbrbs communities and Artemisia communities ）and the factors including volume of litter, perlbrmance of holding water, interception of precipitation, re- straining evaporation of water. The result shows that： the volume of litter and the maximum water-holding capacity are according to the order of Agropyron mongolicum〉licorice community〉leymus ties. In these five communities, interception of precipitation is in communities〉forbs Artemisia communities〉Artemisia communi- 3.36 - 5.27 ram, the rating of interception is 3.40% - 6.82%. The interception of precipitation and precipitation is positive correlation to litter and the correlation between precipitation and the rating of interception is negative. Litter＇s interception of precipitation varies with the season. Under the different litters, depression effect to the function of soil has important variation. The litter is 0.5~2 cm cladding thickness, which will reduce the evaporation during 19.25% - 76.82%, and the effect of reducing the evaporation by the litters＇ thickness to gradually bigger. Accumulation and overlay of litter has an obvious biological effect on soil moisture migration and storage, So it has been one of the most important ecological processes in enclosed desert steppe.

关 键 词：荒漠草原 枯落物 生态水文功能 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]