区域性外来恶性杂草裸柱菊的入侵扩散特征及防治对策  

Invasion and expansion characteristics of regional adventitious noxious weed Soliva anthemifolia(Juss.) R.Br.and corresponding controlling countermeasures

作　　者：徐正浩[1] 朱丽青[1] 袁侠凡 陈为民 林云彪 谢国雄[5] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院教育部环境修复与生态健康重点实验室,浙江杭州310029 [2]浙江天凌农业科技有限公司,浙江诸暨311800 [3]杭州市森林和野生动物保护管理总站,浙江杭州310009 [4]浙江省植物保护检疫局,浙江杭州310020 [5]杭州市植保土肥总站,浙江杭州310016

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2011年第5期980-985,共6页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：浙江省科技计划项目(2008C23010;2008C35018);教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(06JAZH001);国家软科学项目(2006GXQ3D181)

摘　　要：裸柱菊(Soliva anthemifolia(Juss.)R.Br.),菊科(Compositae)裸柱菊属(Soliva Ruiz et Pavon.)植物,原产南美洲、大洋洲,1912年在香港发现,现在已经在中国南部广泛分布,其中包括台湾、广东、海南、福建、湖南、浙江、安徽、江西、广西和贵州等地区,为区域性外来恶性杂草。2002年,裸柱菊被国家质量监督检验检疫总局列为中国主要外来杂草及中国重要外来有害植物。裸柱菊的生物学特性表现为地上茎极短,头状花序无梗,直接生于茎基部,花果期全年。裸柱菊的入侵扩散特性为具"湿生性",藉水流入侵、扩散,又适宜沙质性土壤,生活史策略为r-选择,随植物引种扩散蔓延,具强"杂草性"。裸柱菊在菜地生境的生态重要值较大,与鼠麴草(Gnaphalium affine)、鳢肠(Eclipta prostrata)的生态位重叠值较高,与一年蓬(Erigeron annuus)呈正联结,与野茼蒿(Gynura crepidioides)呈负联结,呈现"地域性"。本文对裸柱菊的杂草生态学展开了深入探讨,切断藉水流、植物引种的传播扩散途径,加强预警、监测,有效狙击裸柱菊的进一步蔓延扩散是控制其入侵的重要对策。Soliva anthemifolia （Juss.） R. Br., indigenous to South America and Oceania, is one species of Compositae. It was first discovered in Hongkong in 1912. It has spread widely in China, especially in southern China, including Taiwan, Guangdong, Hainan, Fujian, Hunan, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Guangxi, and Guizhou. Soliva anthemifolia is regarded as one of regional adventitious noxious weeds. It has been listed as one of the main exotic weeds and important alien invasive species in China by National Quality Supervision Inspects Quarantine General Bureau. The biological characteristics of Soliva anthemifolia include very short terrestrial stem, sessile flower heads arising at the base of stem directly, year-round flowering and fruiting. ＂Wetland plant＂ is the main invasion and expansion characteristic of Soliva anthemifolia, which invades and spreads to other regions mainly by water flows. Besides, sandy soil fits for Soliva anthemifolia and r-selection is a main character in its life history. And it can spread through plant introduction. The ecological important value of Soliva anthemifolia is high in the vegetable field, and the niche overlap was not high with Gnaphalium affine and Eclipta prostrate. There was a positive association with Erigeron annuus and a negative association with Gynura crepidioides. Geographic feature is shown in the growth ofSoliva anthemifolia. The weed ecology ofSoliva anthemifolia is discussed in this paper. Cutting off its dispersal pathways, including water flows and plant introduction, the early warning and forecasting are important and effective strategies for controlling the proliferation of the Soliva anthemifolia.

关 键 词：裸柱菊 入侵扩散特征 防治对策 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]