南海西北部浅海沉积物重金属污染的综合评价  

An evaluation on heavy metal contamination in the surface sediments of northwestern part of South China Sea

作　　者：金路[1] 初凤友[1] 赵建如[1] 翟万林[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第二海洋研究所,国家海洋局海底科学重点实验室,浙江杭州310012

出　　处：《海洋学研究》2011年第2期24-34,共11页Journal of Marine Sciences

基　　金：“908”专项资助项目(908-01-CJ16、908-01-CJ19);国家海洋局第二海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资助项目(JG0702)

摘　　要：利用在南海西北部北部湾和海南岛周边海域采集的492个站位的底质沉积物样品,以同一海区内同时采集的柱状样品的底层样品和"清洁区"样品中各重金属元素含量值作为背景值,运用潜在生态危害指数法、沉积物富集系数法和ArcGIS软件,对其Cd、Zn、Pb、Cu和Cr 5种重金属元素分布特征及其上述2种污染指数的分布图进行了分析和比较,对该区污染现状和趋势进行了评价,结果表明:研究区底质沉积物5种重金属元素中,Cd元素的污染程度为最高,Cr元素的污染程度为最低,北部湾中东部为污染较为严重的地区,各港区污染程度排序为:北海港区>铁山港区>防城港区>钦州港区,其重金属元素的主要来源可能为雷州半岛西岸及广西沿岸的个别港区频繁的人为活动和陆源河流的输入。由此可见,南海北部的北海港区、铁山港区和北部湾中东部海区,将是未来污染严重的区域,故也是污染监测和防治的主要区域;同时,北部湾的西部和海南岛的部分周边海域,虽目前尚无污染,但却已有污染趋势,故也应作为今后环境监测工作的重点区域,防止污染程度的进一步加剧。Along with the rapid economic development in the coastal areas, the contamination of heavy metal elements in the shallow water has become one of the most significant environmental problems in recent years. The distribution and contamination of the heavy metal elements （Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, and Cd） were discussed based on the analyzing data of 492 sediment samples collected from the northwestern part of South China Sea. The Potential Ecological Risk Index and sediment enrichment factor were used to analyze the contamination condition and trend in the studied area. The values in the bottom sediments in the cores collected in the same area were chosen as the background values of Potential Ecological Risk Index. And the average of heavy metals from a distant unpolluted area nearby the study region was used as the environmental background values of sediment enrichment factor. Then the ArcGIS software was applied to draw disgribution maps by using the contamination data. The contamination status and trend can be infered from the distribution maps in some unpolluted or low-polluted areas. The results show that the contamination degree of Cd was the highest, and Cr was the lowest. The central and eastern part of Beibuwan was severely-polluted, and the sequence of pollution level of coastal ports was Beihai Harbor）Tieshan Harbor）Fangcheng Harbor） Qinzhou Harbor. The pollution sources of heavy metals were mainly the western part of Leizhou Peninsula and estuaries, coastal ports around Guangxi such as Beihai Harbor, Tieshan Harbor. Thus, it can be seen that the most severely-polluted areas would be Beihai Harbor, Tieshan Harbor and the central and eastern part of Beibuwan, which needs monitoring and management of the marine environment. The western part of Beibuwan and adjacent sea area around Hainan Island also had the trend of pollution, therefore taking monitoring and protection measures were so important in these areas to prevent contamination.

关 键 词：南海西北部 重金属污染 潜在生态危害指数法 沉积物富集系数法 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.2