西南极企鹅栖息地粪土沉积层中生物标志物记录及其环境气候意义  

Biomarker records of penguin habitat dropping-amended soil from southwest Antarctica and its environmental significance

作　　者：张海娜[1] 潘建明[1] 于培松[1] 张卫国[2] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第二海洋研究所,国家海洋局海洋生态系统与生物地球化学重点实验室,浙江杭州310012 [2]华东师范大学河口海岸动力沉积和动力地貌综合国家重点实验室,上海201100

出　　处：《海洋学研究》2011年第2期58-64,共7页Journal of Marine Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40876104、41006118)

摘　　要：对2001年采集的西南极阿德雷岛(Ardley Island)企鹅栖息地粪土沉积层的柱状样品进行了210Pb精确定年,同时采用气相色谱法对其柱状样品以及采自2001年和2006年微表层样品中的正构烷烃和脂肪酸甲酯进行了分析和研究,建立了西南极阿德雷岛企鹅粪土沉积层的类脂生物标志物时间序列(1926—2006年),并应用粪土沉积层记录的脂肪酸分子nC18∶2/nC18∶0值,探讨了80 a以来南极地区2次短期气候冷暖变化事件在年代和形式上与ENSO事件的响应,结果表明:企鹅粪土沉积层记录的正构烷烃具有明显的奇偶优势,主峰碳(C23)、轻烃/重烃(∑C21-/∑C)值、正构烷烃碳优势指数(CPI)等的变化不仅反映了菌藻微生物与陆地植被的相对变化,而且也与气候变化具有密不可分的联系;细菌脂肪酸iC15∶0/aC15∶0值敏锐地反映出这一地区2个时段(2～3 cm和4～5 cm均对应于ENSO结束之年)微生物作用的明显增强,与此同时脂肪酸碳优势指数(CPIA)值的降低,表明微生物为粪土沉积层贡献了低碳数的脂肪酸组分,反映出微生物及细菌在南极这个相对简单的生态系统中扮演着重要角色,说明微生物的活动与气候冷暖条件存在着密切关联。On the basis of the precise ^210Pb chronology dating method, the lipid biomarkers time series（ from 1926 to 2006）of penguin dropping-amended soil from Ardley Island of southwest Antarctica has been established. By applying records of the ratio of fatty acid molecules /C15：0/aC15：0,it has reflected several short-term climate change events since 1920 in Antarctica,which corresponds with ENSO events in the years and forms. Distribution of normal alkanes in penguin dropping-amended soil from Ardley Island of southwest Antarctic has obvious odd even carbon number predominance. Changes of the main peak carbon （C23） of normal alkanes, the ratio of light fraction and recombination points（∑C21^-/∑C23^＋） and the carbon preference index CPI et al not only reflects the relative changes in bacteria algae micro organisms and in terrestrial vegetation, but also ties in closely with climate change. The ratio of bacterial fatty acid iC15： 0/aC15： 0 observantly reflects that the actions of micro organisms are increasing significantly in this region during these two periods. At the same time,composition of fatty acid（CPIA）decreases, and micro-organisms provide the dropping-amended soil for fatty acid molecules. This change reflects that the micro-organisms and bacteria play an important role in the relatively simple Antarctic ecosystem, no doubt that the activities of micro-organisms are closely related to weather conditions.

关 键 词：南极 企鹅粪土沉积层 ^210Pb定年 生物标志物 环境变化 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]