四川资中县农村留守儿童心理弹性的结构方程模型分析  

Structural equation model analysis on psychological resilience of left-behind children in rural areas in Sichuan Province

作　　者：刘巧兰[1] 周欢[1] 杨洋[1] 胡冰霜[2] 马骁[1] 陈惠惠[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西公共卫生学院,成都610041 [2]四川大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《卫生研究》2011年第4期445-449,共5页Journal of Hygiene Research

基　　金：教育部博士点基金(No.200806101093);国家自然科学基金(No.30972546)

摘　　要：目的应用结构方程模型探讨农村留守儿童心理弹性及其影响因素,探讨农村留守儿童心理弹性的保护性因素。方法应用社会支持量表、加利福尼亚儿童健康调查的心理弹性量表等进行团体施测,同时应用自制调查问卷进行横断面调查,调查四川资中县两所农村中学留守儿童共349人,采用结构方程模型进行统计分析。结果农村留守儿童心理弹性分为外部保护性因子和个体内部特质因子,后者受到外部保护性因子(β=1.138,P<0.001)及性别(β=0.086,P=0.048)的直接影响。前者受到家庭支持(β=0.076,P=0.047)、父母平时过问程度(β=0.092,P<0.001)、父母关系(β=0.024,P=0.043)和母亲平时要求(β=0.050,P=0.065)的直接影响,同时受到朋友支持、其他支持、母亲在外工作时间、监护人平时要求的间接影响。留守儿童心理弹性内部特质因子与学业表现具有正向相关(r=0.026,P=0.055)。结论农村留守儿童的心理弹性受到多维因素影响,家庭支持特别是母亲的关爱是提高留守儿童心理弹性关键保护性因素;监护人、老师及朋友的支持关心也是保护性因素;女生心理弹性内部特质因子高于男生。Objective To explore the influencing factors on psychological resilience of left-behind children in rural areas and to find protective factors for psychological resilience by Structural Equation Model.Methods 349 left-behind children of two rural middle schools in Zizhong County,Sichuan Province were measured in group by the Social Support Appraisals（SS-A） Scale and California Health Kids Survey Resilience Assessment Module（HKRA） and other appraisal scales as well as cross-section investigated by self-made questionnaire,using Structural Equation Model for statistical analysis.Results Psychological resilience of left-behind children in rural areas was divided into two parts which were external protective factor and internal characteristic of individual.The latter was directly impacted by the former（β=1.138,P0.001） and gender（β=0.086,P=0.048）.External protective factor of psychological resilience was directly impacted by family support（β=0.076,P=0.047）,parents concern（β=0.092,P0.001）,parental relationship（β=0.024,P=0.043） and mother requiring（β=0.050,P=0.065） and indirectly impacted by friends support,other support,the time of mothers working outside and guardian requiring.There was positive relationship between academic performance and internal characteristics of psychological resilience of left-behind children（r=0.026,P=0.055）.Conclusion Psychological resilience of left-behind children in rural areas was influenced by multidimensional factors.Family support,especially mother＇s care was the key protective factor.Guardians,teachers and friends support and care were also protective factors.Gender difference occurred as to internal characteristic of psychological resilience of the female left-behind children was higher than that of the male.

关 键 词：留守儿童 心理弹性 保护性因素 结构方程模型 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] C913.5[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]