青岛胶州湾口海域秋季文昌鱼的分布及栖息环境的特征  

The distribution and habitat use of Branchiostoma belcheri at the mouth of Jiaozhou Bay,Qingdao in Autumn

作　　者：袁伟[1] 王俊[1] 林群[1] 王成华[1] 孙坚强[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所海洋可捕资源评估和生态系统实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《生物多样性》2011年第4期470-475,共6页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家973计划项目(2006CB400608);国家自然科学基金(30490233);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金(2009-ts-10)

摘　　要：为了准确掌握青岛胶州湾口海域文昌鱼(Branchiostoma belcheri)的分布特征,2009年11月作者选择了北沙海域和南沙海域,共设34个站位,采用箱式采泥器对文昌鱼资源及栖息环境进行了调查。在北沙海域发现了较为集中的文昌鱼栖息地,栖息密度为162 ind./m2,平均生物量为11.93 g/m2;优势体长为30–40 mm,年龄组以III龄鱼为主。在南沙海域,文昌鱼栖息密度为17.33 ind./m2,平均生物量为0.57 g/m2;年龄结构没有明显的优势组群,基本为II龄和III龄,在体长组成上出现了20–25 mm这一较小的峰值。北沙的沉积物类型以砾质砂和砂为主,而南沙保护区里的沉积物以砂和粉砂质砂为主,文昌鱼适合生长于砂质类型的沉积物中,水深10–20 m。比较发现青岛文昌鱼保护区的文昌鱼正在逐步减少,应在北沙海域设定规模合适的文昌鱼保护区。Branchiostoma belcheri is a second class protected animal species in China,and is distributed mainly in Jiaozhou Bay and adjacent areas.Based on an ecological survey in November,2009,the distribution of the lancelet and its relationship with bottom sediments were studied.We found that Beisha waters may be the predominant habitat of lancelet in autumn.Most individuals within three year classes fit in a body size range of 30–40 mm.The abundance and biomass of lancelets in Beisha were 162 ind./m2 and 11.93 g/m2,respectively.No obvious length classes were observed in Nansha waters.The abundance and biomass of lancelets were 17.33 ind./m2 and 0.57 g/m2 in Nansha,respectively.We found that the sediment type in Beisha waters was gravel and sand while it was sand and silty sand in Nansha waters.Lancelets generally were found in areas with sandy sediment where the range of mean grain-size was very large with a water depth of 10–20 m.To cope with declining lancelet populations,an adequate reserve should be established in Beisha waters.

关 键 词：文昌鱼 分布 沉积物 保护区 

分 类 号：Q958.8[生物学—动物学]