膜下滴灌灌水频率对土壤水盐运移及棉花产量的影响  

Effects of mulched drip irrigation frequency on soil water-salt transport and cotton yield

作　　者：余美[1] 杨劲松[1] 刘梅先[1] 李晓明[1] 王进 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008 [2]乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2011年第3期18-23,28,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40771097);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(200903001);国家科技支撑计划项目课题(2006BAD05B02;2007BAC17B04);新疆自治区科技攻关项目(200733144-1);国家"863"计划重点项目课题(2006AA100207)

摘　　要：通过棉花膜下滴灌大田试验,研究了灌水频率对土壤水盐运移和分布规律的影响,并对不同灌水频率的保墒、控盐、增产效果进行了评价。试验结果表明：在灌溉水质为淡水且定额为375 mm时,低频（10 d）和适频（7 d）灌溉下膜内0~60 cm土层的含水量适宜,低频灌溉的含水量最高,而高频（3 d）灌溉下各土层在花铃期处于轻度干旱状态。低频灌溉对膜内及背行的综合控盐效果略优于高频,远优于适频。灌水频率对棉花产量有显著影响,高频灌溉的棉花产量最高。A cotton field experiment under mulched drip irrigation was carried out in order to study the effects of different irrigation frequency on soil water-salt transport and distribution,and to evaluate different irrigation frequencies＇ efficiency in preserving moisture,controlling soil salinization,and increasing cotton yield.The results show that the soil moisture contents are not the same under different irrigation frequencies with fresh water at 375 mm,namely,low-frequent irrigation（10 days） and middle-frequent irrigation（7 days） can all make the moisture suitable in soil layers of 0～60 cm,and the moisture content is the highest under low-frequent irrigation.Contrarily,the soil layers are in light-degree drought condition during flowering and boll-forming stage under high-frequent irrigation（3 days）.Based on comprehensive analysis on salinization or desalinization status of root zone under film and un-mulched soil,low-frequent irrigation is slightly better than high-frequent irrigation and much better than middle-frequent irrigation.The irrigation frequency has significant influence on cotton yield,and the highest yield can be obtained under high-frequent irrigation.

关 键 词：膜下滴灌 水盐运动 灌水频率 棉花 产量 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程] S562[农业科学—农业工程]