黄瓜初花期适宜灌溉控制指标研究  

Study on appropriate irrigation controlling index for cucumber during initial bloom stage

作　　者：廖凯[1,2] 范兴科[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]西北农林科技大学,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2011年第3期48-52,共5页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(2006AA100208)

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验,通过控制不同灌溉下限,研究了黄瓜初花期的不同土壤水分状况对其植株生理指标、形态指标、产量、品质和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：初花期和盛瓜期各光合参数（光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率）的日变化为单峰曲线,初瓜期各光合参数的日变化为双峰曲线。气孔导度和蒸腾速率均与光合速率基本呈现相同的变化规律。不同土壤水分状况对黄瓜后期的生理、形态、产量、品质和水分利用效率有明显影响,当灌溉控制下限在田间持水量的55%~75%之间时,随着灌溉下限的降低,单瓜重和瓜长增加,单株产量和水分利用效率有逐渐提高的趋势。灌溉控制下限为55%田间持水量时,光合参数较高,形态指标相对较好,最终的产量、品质和水分利用效率最高,55%的田间持水量为适宜的灌溉控制下限。Physiological indexes,morphological indexes,yield,fruit quality and water use efficiency of cucumber were studied under different soil irrigation minimums during initial bloom stage in pot experiment.The results showed： the diurnal course of physiological indexes of cucumber was displayed in single peak pattern curves in initial fruit stage and mid-fruit stage,while the diurnal course of physiological indexes of cucumber was displayed in a two-peak pattern curve in early-fruit stage.Stomatal conductance,transpiration rate and net photosynthetic rate showed the same variation.The effect of different soil moisture on physiological indexes,morphological indexes,yield,fruit quality and water use efficiency was significant during early-fruit stage and mid-fruit stage.Fruit weight,fruit length,yield and water use efficiency were gradually increasing with the irrigation minimums reducing from 75% field water capacity to 55% field water capacity.The treatment with irrigation minimum of 55% field water capacity could get not only higher photosynthetic parameters and morphological indexes but also the best yield,fruit quality and water use efficiency.

关 键 词：黄瓜 初花期 灌溉下限 水分利用效率 品质 

分 类 号：S274.1[农业科学—农业水土工程] S642.2[农业科学—农业工程]