东北黑土区土壤水分对大豆生长影响的试验研究  

Experimental study on the impact of soil moisture on soybean growth in the Northeastern black soil area of China

作　　者：王英[1] 谢云[1] 刘刚[1] 段兴武[1] 孙振宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室地理学与遥感科学学院,北京100875

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2011年第3期53-57,共5页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目"区域水土流失过程与趋势分析(2007CB407203)";国家自然科学基金项目"维持可持续土地生产力的定量标准:容许土壤流失量"(40671111)

摘　　要：2009年在黑龙江省鹤山农场进行6个土壤水分水平控制的大豆盆栽试验,土壤水分分别是：15%、18%、24%、30%、40%、48%。结果表明：土壤水分和大豆产量有很好的二次曲线关系,决定系数R2达到0.97,大豆产量在田间持水量条件下达到峰值,低于、高于田间持水量时,大豆均减产,田间持水量80%~133%减产幅度最小。田间持水量对大豆产量各构成要素最适宜,土壤水分对各构成要素的影响规律与对大豆产量的影响相同,大豆产量构成要素在田间持水量的60%、160%减产幅度很大。豆粒、豆秆、根系的比重与土壤水分存在二次曲线关系,决定系数R2分别为：0.93、0.89、0.91。豆粒在田间持水量条件下干重比例最大,达到峰值51.31%;豆秆和根系的干重比例在田间持水量下呈小值,分别为41.06%、7.63%。大豆收获指数在田间持水量下达到最大,为0.59,结合产量、各产量构成要素的综合分析,显然田间持水量水平对大豆生长最为有利。The research was aimed to study the impact of different soil moisture conditions on soybean yield and the distribution of biological organs.Soybean pot experiments were done at Heshan Farm in Heilongjiang Province in 2009,and the soil moisture content treatments were 15%,18%,24%,30%,40% and 48% respectively.The results showed that there was good conical relationship between soil moisture and yield（R2=0.97）,and the yield reached the peak with 30%（field capacity,FC）.The yield would decrease when soil moisture was less or more than FC,and the range of yield decreasing between 80%～133% of FC was smaller of the soil moisture.The range of constituent elements decreasing with 60% and 133% of FC was bigger.There was good conical relationship between dry weight proportion of beans,bean stem,roots and soil moisture,and R2 were 0.93,0.89 and 0.91 respectively.Dry weight proportion of beans reached maximum（51.31%） at field capacity;dry weight proportion of bean stem,roots was smaller,41.06% and 7.63% respectively.Harvest index of soybean reached the maximum 0.59 under field capacity.There was good conical relationship between yield,dry weight proportion of beans,bean stem,roots and soil moisture.The influence law of soil moisture on constituent elements of yield was the same as that on yield.FC was the optimum soil moisture for soybean growth and constituent elements of soybean yield by combination of yield and the constituent elements and comprehensive analysis.

关 键 词：东北黑土 土壤水分 大豆 田间持水量 

分 类 号：S565.107[农业科学—作物学]