养分管理措施对丹江口库区橘园氮磷流失的影响  

Effects of nutrient management on loss of nitrogen and phosphorus from citrus orchard of Danjiangkou Reservoir Area

作　　者：毕磊[1] 谭启玲[1] 胡承孝[1] 李端波 郭元成 张思伟[1] 孙学成[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070 [2]湖北省丹江口市农业局土壤肥料工作站,丹江口442700

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2011年第4期474-478,共5页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD87B09)

摘　　要：采用径流小区法研究推荐施肥、分期施肥、全园植草对丹江口库区橘园地表径流输出量、氮磷养分流失量与流失形态的影响。结果表明:推荐施肥结合全园植草及推荐施肥结合分期施肥处理均能显著降低橘园坡地地表径流的输出,与习惯施肥处理相比分别降低38.43%和26.51%;雨强是氮磷流失的主要驱动因素,在大雨和暴雨中流失的氮磷分别占全年流失量的96%和98%以上;可溶性总氮和颗粒态磷为库区橘园径流中氮、磷的主要流失形态,需重点加以控制;化肥的施用并不是造成库区橘园氮磷流失的主要影响因素;提高施肥次数,能明显地降低总氮、可溶性总氮和可溶性总磷的流失,而全园植草则在减少总磷和颗粒态磷的流失方面效果显著,与习惯施肥处理相比,推荐施肥结合分期施肥能减少35.96%的总氮流失,推荐施肥结合植草处理能减少59.31%的总磷流失。Runoff plots experiment was conducted to study the effects of recommended fertilization,recommended fertilization with split-applied fertilization and recommended fertilization with planting grass on the output of runoff,nitrogen and phosphorus,form of nitrogen and phosphorus.Results showed that recommended fertilization with planting grass and recommended fertilization with split-applied fertilization significantly reduced runoff losses 38.43% and 26.51% compared with the conventional fertilization.Rainfall intensity is the main driving factor for the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus with more than 96% of nitrogen lost and 98% of phosphorus lost happened during the heavy rain and torrential rain.Dissolved nitrogen and particle phosphorus other than fertilizer application were the main loss forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in Danjiangkou Reservoir orchard.The loss of total nitrogen,dissolved total nitrogen and dissolved total phosphorus were deceased significantly by increasing the frequency of fertilizer application,and planting grass can effectively reduce the loss of total phosphorus and particle phosphorus.The loss of 35.96% total nitrogen was decreased by increasing the frequency of fertilizer application while the loss of 59.31% total phosphorus were reduced significantly by planting grass,compared with the conventional fertilization.

关 键 词：推荐施肥 分期施肥 植草 氮磷流失 橘园 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]