主观过错与客观过错在司法实践中的融合  

Integration of Subjective and Objective Faults in Judicial Practice

作　　者：张宏武[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉工程大学法商学院,湖北武汉430205

出　　处：《孝感学院学报》2011年第4期81-87,共7页JOURNAL OF XIAOGAN UNIVERSITY

摘　　要：过错理论是大陆法系侵权法的核心理论,过错不仅是侵权责任的归责原则,也是侵权责任的构成要件,我国的侵权法理论继承了这一传统。过错理论的分野在于过错的性质和判断标准,分别发展成主观过错说与客观过错说,理论分歧导致了立法差异。但是,从诉讼证明的视角看,对过错无论采客观说还是采主观说,最终都是从致害人行为的角度考察,主观过错的证明比客观过错的证明只是多了一个转换步骤而已,并没有实质性区别,从而形成了主观过错与客观过错在理论上存在巨大差异,而在司法实践中却又趋同与融合的现象,同时也造成了立法与司法的错位,其实质是:主观过错的证明不具有司法可操作性。Fault theory is the core of tort theory in continental law system. Fault is not only the attributable principles of tort liability, but also its important component. Chinese tort law theory inherits this tradition. Fault theory develops into subjective fault theory and objective fault theory according to the nature of fault and the judging criterion. Theory differences lead to legislative ones. However, from the perspective of lawsuit proof, no matter whether it is the objective fault theory or subjective one, both are from the viewpoint of the violator＇s behaviors. There is merely one more conversion step in the latter one and no fundamental differences can be found between them, which leads to the phenomenon that there is a huge difference in theory but convergence and integration in judicial practice between the two. In addition, it causes the dislocation of legislation and justice. The point is that the proof of subjective fault is not judicially operable.

关 键 词：过错 主观过错 客观过错 证明方法 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]