青藏高原东麓吐蕃时期佛教摩崖造像的发现与研究  

THE DISCOVERIES AND RESEARCHES ON THE BUDDHIST CLIFF-SIDE CARVINGS OF TUBO DYNASTY IN EASTERN TIBET-QINGHAI PLATEAU

作　　者：霍巍[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学中国藏学研究所,成都610064

出　　处：《考古学报》2011年第3期353-384,I0001-I0006,共38页Acta Archaeologica Sinica

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地2009年度重大研究项目<考古发现与西藏文明史>(项目批准号:2009JJD780005)研究成果;四川大学中央高校基本科研业务研究专项项目;四川大学"211"工程二期及"985"工程三期研究成果之一

摘　　要：青藏高原东麓，是指青海、西藏以及四川三省区交界的广大地域。从历史上看，这个区域既是吐蕃王国向外扩张的重要通道，也是吐蕃王国势力最为强盛时期的东部疆界，学术界一般习惯于将其简称为“藏东地区”。今天西藏以外的藏族聚居区无论是甘南藏区、青海藏区、This article gives a comprehensive study on the archaeological discoveries of Buddhist rock carvings of Tubo Dynasty in eastern Tibet-Qinghai plateau in recent years.It consists of three parts.The first part studies the themes and inscriptions of the remains discovered in Tibet,Qinghai and Sichuan Provinces,and gives an identification of their archaeological dates.The second part discusses the iconographic characteristics of the assemblage of Vairocana and Astamahabodhisattva(the Eight Great Bodhisattvas)in eastern Tibet-Qinghai plateau and the reason for its prevalence in these areas.This paper suggests that it is the result of the historical and religious context that the worshipping of Vairocana became increasingly popular with the spread of esoteric Buddhism in central Tibet,Dunhuang and Sichuan during the middle and late Tubo Dynasty(corresponding to the middle and late Tang Dynasty).In particular,the paper stresses that because of the special natural condition of eastern Tibetan area,the esoteric Buddhism in these areas communicated with that in Central Plain tradition,such as that from Dunhuang and Sichuan and influenced with each other.Thus,the style of the Variocana image was possibly from the central areas of Tubo Kingdom via Dunhuang or Hexi Corridor.However,the configuration of Astamahabodhisattva seemed to be affected by Central Plain tradition tantric texts prevailed in Dunhuang and Sichuan.It displays a phenomenon of multi-cultural communication and amalgamation.The third part discusses the effect and significance of these Buddhist archaeological remains in the cultural communication between the Central Plain and Tibetan Kingdom in the Tang Dynasty.The author suggests that because of the special approaches in the cultural communication between the Central Plain and Tibetan Kingdom,different cultural elements were able to be introduced into these areas simultaneously by the eminent monks from Tibet and/or Tang Empire.

关 键 词：青藏高原 摩崖造像 吐蕃时期 佛教 吐蕃王国 青海藏区 藏东地区 甘南藏区 

分 类 号：K879.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]