基于有限元法的机床导轨热特性研究  

Study on Thermal Characteristics of Slide Guide of the Machine Tool Based on FEM

作　　者：孙志礼[1] 杨强[1] 高沛[1] 闫明[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北大学机械工程与自动化学院,辽宁沈阳110819

出　　处：《东北大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第7期1000-1003,共4页Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science)

基　　金："高档数控机床与基础制造装备"科技重大专项(2009ZX04014-014)

摘　　要：以往机床导轨热特性分析主要通过传统的计算方法得到导轨热变形的解析解,并没有考虑热源移动对导轨热变形的影响,因此计算结果并不十分精确.应用有限元法,建立导轨的有限元模型,考虑移动热源的影响,对模型进行数值模拟,得到导轨的温度场,并在此基础上得到导轨的热变形量.由于移动热源的影响,与稳态分析所得变形量相差2.52μm.导轨达到热平衡所需时间为1.25 h.由于热变形的影响,导轨在水平面的最大直线度误差为5.03μm,导轨表面的最大倾斜度误差为0.000 218 9°.研究结果为分析导轨热变形对加工精度的影响提供了参考,进而为机床的误差补偿提供了理论依据.In the machining process of high-speed and high-precise machine tools,the friction heat can cause thermal deformation of the slide guide.Former study on the thermal characteristics of the slide guide get the analytic solutions of the slide guide＇s thermal deformation by traditional calculation method.It neglects the effect of heat source movement on the slide guide thermal deformation,and the results are thus not accurate.Taking such effect into account,the finite element model of the slide guide was built.The temperature field of the slide guide was obtained by numerical simulation.The thermal deformation of the slide guide was further achieved.The deformation decreases 2.52 μm as compared with that of stationary analysis.The slide guide reaches a thermal balance in about 1.25 hours.The maximal straightness error at the horizontal plane is 5.03 μm,while the maximal gradient error on the surface of slide guide is 0.000 218 9°.The result provides some basis for understanding the effects of the slide guide thermal deformation on the machining accuracy and furthermore for the error compensation of machine tool.

关 键 词：机床 导轨 有限元法 温度场 热变形 

分 类 号：TG335.58[金属学及工艺—金属压力加工]