贵州毕节扒耳岩巨猿动物群的年代与环境——来自食肉类化石的分析和研究  

THE AGE AND ENVIRONMENT STUDY OF Gigantopithecus FAUNA OF PA'ERYAN,BIJIE,GUIZHOU,BASED ON THE CARNIVORE FOSSILS

作　　者：刘金毅[1] 赵凌霞[1] 陈津[1] 王新金 蔡回阳[3] 张忠文 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所脊椎动物进化系统学重点实验室,北京100044 [2]贵州省文物考古研究所,贵阳550004 [3]贵州省博物馆,贵阳550004 [4]贵州省毕节市文管所,毕节551700

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2011年第4期654-666,共13页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:40972013和41072016)资助

摘　　要：贵州毕节扒耳岩为一处新近确认的含巨猿化石的洞穴裂隙堆积,出土了若干伴生动物化石。其中食肉类标本数量不多,历次采集的仅有19件,但基本可以鉴定到种,且大多数具有断代指示意义。这批标本鉴定计有:桑氏硕鬣狗(Pachycrocuta licenti)、中国黑熊原始亚种(Ursus thibetanus primitinus)、大熊猫小种(Ailuropoda microta)、拟豺(Cuon dubius)和豹(Panthera sp.),共计4科5属5种动物。除豹属未定种外,其他4种均是我国南方早更新世动物群的特有种类,Ailuropoda microta和Cuon dubius则是广西柳城巨猿涮动物群的标志性物种。单就食肉类的组合而言,扒耳岩与广西柳城巨猿洞和田东么会洞两地的动物群相当,稍晚于巫山龙骨坡,早于建始龙骨洞动物群,为早更新世早期。扒耳岩动物群以森林型动物(如Ursus,Ailuropoda和Panthera)为主,缺少典型的草原型动物,呈现出单一的森林性组合面貌,据此分析推测巨猿应为典型的森林环境栖息者。Pa＇eryan, a cave or fissure deposit at Bijie, Guizhou Province （27°22′12″N, 105°15′16″E, Fig. 1 ）, was identified as a Gigantopithecus site with of fossil mammals accumulation. Most carnivores, although small in number with only 19 pieces unearthed, are in good conditions; some of them can even be classified to species level. The carnivores unearthed from Pa＇eryan include： hyaena （Pachycrocuta licenti ）, black bear （Ursus thibetanus primitinus） , giant panda （Ailuropoda microta） , jackal （ Cuon dubius ） and leopard （ Panthera sp. ） , namely 4 families, 5 genera and 5 species. The present fossil record indicates that Pachycrocuta licenti, Ailuropoda microta, Cuon dubius and Ursus thibetanus primitinus were endemic elements of the Early Pleistocene fauna in South China. The time period of these animals was short and only in the Early Pleistocene. Those of Ailuropoda microta and Cuon dubius were even shorter and possibly limited to the early Early Pleistocene. It can definitely be confirmed that Pa＇eryan fauna is in Early Pleistocene according to its carnivore guild. All species mentioned above, except Panthera sp., are extinct species or subspecieces, which is a typical feature of,mammalian assemblage of Early Pleistocene. The indexes for the extinct species and genera of Pa＇eryan＇s carnivore guild are 80% and 20% respectively, which are similar to those of Juyuandong （Liucheng） and Mehuidong（Tiandong）, but somewhat lower than those from Longgupo （Wushan） and higher than those from Longgudong（Jianshi） （Table 4）. Moreove, the carnivore guild of Pa＇eryan has 5 common or similar members with Juyuandong and Mehuidong,4 with Longgupo （Wushan） , and only 3 with Longgudong （Jianshi）. The carnivore guild of Pa＇eryan differs from that of Longgupo in hyaena fossils. The hyaenas from Longgupo are more primitive in morphology than those from Pa＇eryan, and even identified as a different species, namely Pachycrocuta perrieri. The major differences

关 键 词：贵州毕节 扒耳岩动物群 早更新世 食肉类 

分 类 号：P534.631[天文地球—第四纪地质学] Q915.874[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]