2000-2009年青海省鼠疫流行特征分析  

Epidemiological analysis of plague in Qinghai province between 2000 and 2009

作　　者：吴克梅[1] 杨永海[1] 汪元忠[1] 王雪[1] 祁芝珍[1] 王祖郧[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海省地方病预防控制所鼠疫预防控制科,西宁811602

出　　处：《中国地方病学杂志》2011年第4期437-440,共4页Chinese Jouranl of Endemiology

摘　　要：目的 分析2000-2009年青海省鼠疫流行特征,掌握鼠疫发生、发展规律,为今后鼠疫防治提供科学依据.方法 应用描述流行病学方法对2000-2009年青海省鼠疫疫情现场调查、监测报告和公开发表的论文等相关资料进行分析,主要指标包括动物鼠疫的分布地区、宿主动物和媒介分布情况,以及人间鼠疫的地区、时间、人群分布情况.结果 2000-2009年,10年间青海省从各类动物、媒介昆虫共分离鼠疫菌189株,其中从旱獭分离77株,占40.74%,从斧形盖蚤分离40株,占21.16%;共检测出鼠疫F1抗体阳性血清238份,其中牧犬90份,占37.82%,旱獭63份,占26.47%;检出鼠疫菌的地区与检出阳性血清的地区相一致,主要分布在青藏铁路沿线的乌兰县、德令哈和格尔木市等地区;从青海田鼠及其寄生蚤体内检出鼠疫菌.10年间发生人间鼠疫13起,发病37例,死亡16例,病死率为43.24%;患者分布于同德、兴海、祁连、乌兰、天峻、囊谦、曲麻莱、称多、治多9个县的11个乡（镇）;以5-10月份为发病季节,9月份为高峰期;病型以肺鼠疫为主,传播途径主要为接触鼠疫病人、经空气飞沫和剥食旱獭传播.结论 青海省鼠疫疫情仍然严峻,应加强动物鼠疫监测,及时处理动物鼠疫,提高全省广大群众特别是农牧区群众的防病意识.重点加强青藏铁路沿线鼠疫预防和控制,严防人间鼠疫的发生和鼠疫远距离传播.Objective To analyze the endemic features of plague in Qinghai province between 2000 and 2009, discover the law of occurrence and progression, in order to provide a scientific basis for further prevention and treatment of the disease. Methods Descriptive epidemiology was employed to analyze the data from on the spot investigation, monitoring reports and papers published between 2000 and 2009. The indicators included the area, host and media distribution of animal plague and area, time, and population distribution of human plague.Results In Qinghai province between 2000 and 2009, 189 strains of Yersinia pestis were isolated from a variety of animals and insect vectors, including 77 from the marmot, accounting for 40.74%, 40 from Callopaylla dolabris,accounting for 21.16%. Positive serum antibodies against F1 plague were detected in 238 samples, including 90 samples from husbandry dogs, 63 from woodchucks. The areas with Yersinia pestis were consistent with the areas with positive serum antibodies against F1 plague, which distributed mainly along the Qinghai-Tibet railway Wulan county, Delhi and Golmud Multi-county;confirmed that there was natural foci of plague in Qinghai vole. Between 2000 and 2009, 13 events of human plague occurred, with 37 cases and 16 patients died, mortality was 43.24%.Cases were distributed in 11 townships of Tongde, Xinghai, Qilian, Wulan, Tianjun, Nangqian, Qumalai,Chengduo and Zhiduo counties. May to October was the disease season, with September the peak. Pneumonic plague disease type was the main mode of transmission of the plague and patients often contacted with airborne droplets through the air and peeling fresh Marmota. Conclusions Plague in Qinghai province is still grim,strengthening animal plague surveillance, and timely disposal of animal plague, improving the province＇s agricultural and pastoral areas, especially increase the disease prevention consciousness of the masses are future tasks. Work should be focused on strengthening the prevention and control of plague along Qin

关 键 词：鼠疫 流行病学方法 数据收集 

分 类 号：R686[医药卫生—骨科学]