硇洲马尾藻的繁殖特性及体长生物量的季节变动  

Seasonal variation in length,biomass and reproductive property of Sargassum naozhouense

作　　者：谢恩义[1] 贾柽[1] 陈秀丽[1] 杨彬[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学水产学院,广东湛江524025

出　　处：《水产学报》2011年第7期1015-1022,共8页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：广东省科技厅项目(2009B091300086;2010B080703022;2010B020201015)

摘　　要：广东特产的硇洲马尾藻是一种具有食用、药用价值的大型褐藻,有望开发成人工育苗栽培的新种类。2009年7月至2010年6月,原生态定点观察周年各月其体长和生物量等季节变动情况,结果发现,藻体假多年生,异株、异托。8—10月为体止期,11月至翌年4月中旬为生长期,4月中旬至6月初是繁殖期,6月初至7月底为衰老期。自然种群的繁衍和维持以假根再生为主,有性繁殖为辅。假根周年各月均可再生小苗,拔除假根,严重破坏种群繁衍,保留假根的剪收可以使第二年相同面积、同一时间的同种藻体的现存生物量明显增加。分布在水深2 m以内,宽5～10 m的潮间带岩礁上,11月开始加速生长,到5月上旬藻体长度生长达到最大值,原生态藻体的生物量表现出明显的季节变化,基本上与体长生长保持同步增长,最大生物量可达1 280 g/m2,最大单株藻体长1.73 m,最大单株质量可达250 g。The brown macroalga Sargassum naozhouense is a native species of Guangdong Province,which has edible value,medicinal value and prospect to be exploited into a new cultivation species.Based on reproductive biology study from July 2009 to June 2010 in Xuwen,Zhanjiang,the seasonal variation of biomass and mean thallus length of S.naozhouense were investigated.S.naozhouense is a pseudo-permanent,dioecious species with dimorphism receptacles.The growth pattern of S.naozhouense may be divided into inactivity period（from August to October）,growth period（from November to mid-April of next year）,reproductive period（from mid-April to early-June）and senescence period（from early-June to late-July）.The propagation and maintenance of field population was mainly based on regeneration seedlings of rhizoids that occurred every month in a year round,and the seedlings produced by sexual reproduction accounted for a quite low proportion.Removing holdfast suggested reducing population,but the same species＇ standing stock of the same area and same time increased markedly next year if it is harvested by cut method.The wild population is located on rock within 2 m depth,5-10 m width of intertidal zone.After the early-November,thalli grew faster and faster and reached the largest length to early-May.Seasonal variations of length and biomass were very obvious and shared the same pattern.The highest biomass of a permanent quadrat is 1 280 g/m2,the length of the maximum single plant can achieve 1.73 m,and the weight of the maximum single plant can be up to 250 g.

关 键 词：硇洲马尾藻 繁殖习性 生物量 生长 季节变动 

分 类 号：S968.4[农业科学—水产养殖]