枸杞岛近岸3种生境鱼类群落组成及岩礁区底栖海藻对鱼类群落结构的影响  

Constitution of fish assemblages in three nearshore habitats and the effect of benthic macroalgae on fish assemblages in Gouqi Island

作　　者：王蕾[1] 章守宇[1] 汪振华[1] 王凯[1] 林军[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海201306

出　　处：《水产学报》2011年第7期1037-1049,共13页Journal of Fisheries of China

基　　金：国家"九七三"前期课题(2011CB111608);国家自然科学基金项目(30871924);国家"八六三"高技术研究发展计划(2006AA100303);上海市重点学科建设项目(550702)

摘　　要：2005年—2006年及2010年5—6月对枸杞岛近岸岩礁生境分布的底栖海藻进行观测和潜水采样,发现岩礁生境潮下带底栖海藻组成模式分以大型底栖海藻铜藻为优势种和以孔石莼等小型藻类为优势种两类。2009年2月—2010年1月利用组合刺网对枸杞岛海域岩礁、沙地和贻贝筏式养殖区3种生境的鱼类进行了逐月采样,通过采用方差分析、聚类和非度量多维标度等统计分析手段发现:(1)岩礁生境鱼类以底栖趋礁杂食性为主,沙地生境鱼类以中下层洄游肉食性为主,贻贝筏式养殖区生境鱼类大型个体占优;(2)岩礁生境鱼类多样性较高,大型底栖海藻生长的岩礁生境中鱼类群落组成较小型底栖海藻生长的岩礁生境稳定。前者为枸杞岛近岸优势种群繁衍提供有利条件,对鱼类幼体和小型个体有诱集作用,为鱼类捕食者提供更多样化的食物选择,鱼类群落较稳定;后者易受外界鱼类迁移的影响,个体数量和生物量月间差异大。Macroalgae covering on the rocky reef around coast of Gouqi Island were surveyed and sampled through diving during 2005 to 2006 and May to June 2010,in order to find out the distribution,constitution and life history of macroalgae.Two composing patterns of macroalgae were shown in the subtidal zone of rocky reef：one was dominated by standing macroalgae Sargassum horneri;another was dominated by smaller macroalgaes,such as Ulva pertusa,which is widely distributed both in intertidal and subtidal zone.The life history of S.horneri showed the four stages of the larger kelp bed：young seedling development period（August to September）,slow growth period of seeding（October to February in next year）,fast growth and reproduction period（March to May）,decomposing and declining period（June to July）.The smaller kelp bed exists the whole year,without much difference to outside of the kelp bed.To estimate the composition of fish assemblages in three habitats around Gouqi Island nearshore,i.e.rocky reef,sandy beach and mussel cultivation rafts,we sampled the fish assemblages in three habitats by combined gill nets every month from February 2009 to January 2010.The indexes of Jaccard similarity,Margalef richness and Shannon-wiener diversity were used to compare the variety of fish community structures among habitats,combined with statistical analysis of variance,UPGMA and nMDS.It showed that the differences of fish community structures among above three habitats were significant.The dominant fish species in rocky reef habitat were Sebastiscus marmoratus,Agrammus agrammus and N.albiflora.Fish community was mainly based on the demersal omnivorous rocky fishes,which prey mainly on benthic invertebrates living on macroalgaes.The dominant fish species in sandy beach habitat were Paraplagusia japonica and Nibea albiflora.Fish community was mainly based on the mid-lower migration fishes.For fish assemblages in mussel cultivation raft habitat,which were mainly bigger-size fishes,Mugil cephalus and Decapterus maruadsi we

关 键 词：底栖海藻 鱼类群落 时空分布 栖息地选择 食性转化 

分 类 号：Q178.52[生物学—水生生物学] S917[生物学—普通生物学]