关于加快中国天然气市场发展的思考  

Accelerating natural gas market development in China

作　　者：许永发[1] 段兆芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油集团经济技术研究院

出　　处：《国际石油经济》2011年第6期15-19,110,共5页International Petroleum Economics

摘　　要：进入新世纪以来,中国天然气消费快速增长,储产量保持增长高峰,基础设施建设快速推进,多元化的气源格局正在形成,中国在世界天然气市场中的角色正在发生重大转变。未来10～20年,中国仍处于经济社会转型期,面对严峻的资源与环境挑战,加快天然气发展和天然气市场体系建设,对保障中国能源安全、促进天然气资源的合理开发利用具有重大战略意义。中国现行的天然气价格既不能反映资源的稀缺性,也不能反映供求关系和生产与供应的成本。推进价格机制改革已成为加快中国天然气市场发展的关键。建议国家积极稳妥地加快天然气价格机制改革,近期以简化或归并出厂价格分类、建立天然气价格与替代能源价格挂钩的联动机制为目标,逐步缩小与进口气价格差距,并定期调整;中期以完善价格形成机制为目标,推动国产气价与进口气价接轨,理顺终端消费价格结构,推行天然气调峰价格、可中断供气和不可中断供气价格等,逐步形成有调控的竞争性市场定价机制。Gas consumption in China has risen rapidly in the new century,gas reserves and production are at an all-time high,rapid infrastructure construction has been promoted,and gas sources have been diversified.China's presence in the global gas market is growing fast.In the next decade or two China will still be in the process of economic and social transformation,facing tough resource and environmental challenges.Speeding up development of gas supply and demand and building a gas market system is favorable not only to alleviating increasing energy demand pressure and optimizing China's energy portfolio,but also to protecting the environment and improving competitiveness in international trade,which is essential to China's energy security and the rational development and utilization of resources.However,compared with the prices of alternative energy or imported gas,the current gas price in China does not reflect scarcity expressed in terms of either the relation between supply and demand or the cost of production and supply.Promoting reform of the pricing system is critical to the acceleration of gas market development in China.China should vigorously and steadily speed up reform of the natural gas pricing mechanism.In the short term China should simplify or classify ex-factory gas prices and establish a mechanism linking the price of natural gas to alternative fuel prices and the LPG price,so as to narrow the gap with imported natural gas prices.Regular price adjustments should also be made.In the medium term China should improve the pricing mechanism by linking the price of Chinese natural gas to the price for overseas gas,streamline the pricing of end-use consumption,and implement prices for peak-adjustment,and interruptible and uninterruptible gas supply,etc.The goal is to form a competitive market-based adjustable pricing mechanism.

关 键 词：中国 天然气 市场 价格机制改革 战略思考 

分 类 号：F426.22[经济管理—产业经济]