欧美天然气管理体制与运营模式及其对我国的启示  

The American and European natural gas management system and business model and their applicability to China

作　　者：汪红[1] 姜学峰[1] 何春蕾[2] 武川红 

机构地区：[1]国土资源部油气资源战略研究中心 [2]中国石油西南油气田分公司天然气经济研究所 [3]中国石油川庆钻探工程有限公司对外合作和市场开发处

出　　处：《国际石油经济》2011年第6期25-30,110-111,共6页International Petroleum Economics

摘　　要：欧洲各国天然气政策基本按欧盟指引来制定,重点之一是推进天然气市场化进程,推动管网独立与第三方准入机制的建立。欧洲天然气市场的上游价格完全放开,但对管道运输、储气和配气等环节,各国都进行了严格的价格和利润率监管。美国对天然气价格的管制经历了从不管制到控制井口价格再到完全放开三个发展阶段,灵活的天然气价格机制是保障天然气稳定供应的重要因素。目前中国仍处于天然气发展的初步阶段,大型一体化公司解体拆分模式不可照搬硬套,管网独立未到时机,国家能源供应安全保障应该放在发展的首要位置;欧美国家天然气产业组织结构和政府监管模式与各国历史、政治传统紧密相关,没有固定模式,中国应根据自身的资源特点、市场发展、国家政治体制以及经济文化传统等制定适合自身的天然气行业管理体制;随着中国天然气消费的快速增长和消费者价格承受能力的逐步增强,应适时建立天然气价格的市场形成机制。Natural gas policy in Europe is based on directives of the European Union.The priority is to promote opening up the natural gas market,the independence of the transportation and distribution system from production and supply,and ease of third party entry.Gas prices in the upstream market in Europe are fully market-based,but prices and profit margins for gas transportation,storage and delivery and other sectors are strictly regulated.U.S.natural gas price regulation has passed through three stages from no regulation,to wellhead price controls,to now fully market-based.A flexible natural gas pricing mechanism is an important factor for ensuring a stable supply of natural gas.China is still at the initial stage of gas development.The European mode of unbundling large integrated companies should not be copied and rigidly applied.Now is not the time for China to separate the pipeline network from gas producers.National energy supply security should be of the highest priority in gas development.European and US natural gas industry structure and regulation are closely related to national history and political tradition,with no fixed pattern,no best way.China's should be based on the characteristics of its own resources,market development,political system,cultural tradition and economy,making up its own gas industry management system.In the rapid phase of development,with consumption growing fast,the capacity to absorb consumer prices gradually increases.China should carefully time the establishment of a market mechanism for gas prices.

关 键 词：欧洲 美国 天然气行业 管理体制 运营模式 市场化 监管 价格 

分 类 号：F426.22[经济管理—产业经济]