经常运动对高原地区健康老年人心血管功能及血液相关指标的影响  

Effects of Exercise on Cardiovascular Functions and Blood Indexes in Elderly at High Altitude

作　　者：褚以德[1] 朱爱琴[1] 黄郁玲[1] 李国峰[1] 郭爱玲[1] 张利民[1] 张秀芳[1] 梁艳燕[1] 阿祥仁[2] 彭海[2] 

机构地区：[1]青海省人民医院老年医学研究所,810007 [2]青海省人民医院检验科,810007

出　　处：《高原医学杂志》2011年第1期2-7,共6页Journal of High Altitude Medicine

摘　　要：目的:探讨高原地区经常参加体育运动对老年人心血管功能及血液相关指标的影响。方法:选择各30例经常参加有氧运动的高原地区(海拔≥2 600m)健康老年人和缺乏运动的健康老年人。记录24小时动态心电图的心率变异(HRV),应用动脉脉搏波速度(PWV)自动测量肱动脉-踝动脉(baPWV)和踝臂指数(AB I)。安静状态血压、心率和氧饱和度。并比较运动过程中血压、心率和氧饱和度的变化。检测血细胞计数(RBC)、红细胞体积(MCV)和血红蛋白(Hb)、血清肌酐(Cr)、血糖(BGS)、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)被测定。结果:①长期坚持运动的高原地区健康老年人RBC数量明显增加(P<0.05),BGS、TC和LDL水平均明显降低(P<0.05),但对MCV、Hb、Cr、TG和HDL水平无明显影响;②运动组体重、体重指数、收缩压、舒张压、脉压和心率低于缺乏运动组(P<0.05),反映动脉硬化指数的baPWV和AB I有显著性差异(P<0.01);③24小时HRV分析,发现运动组SDNN、RMSSD和PNN50指标均高于缺乏运动组(P<0.01和P<0.05),而SDANN和SDNN index无统计学意义;④在平板运动中,运动组收缩压随运动量的增加而升高,舒张压则随运动量的增加先下降后升高,而恢复期血压正常,缺乏运动组收缩压和舒张压都随运动量的增加而升高,且恢复期血压恢复慢。同时发现缺乏运动组在运动后SaO2和HR恢复慢,存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。运动组氧饱和度高于缺乏运动组,具有统计学意义(P<0.05),但运动前后SaO2和HR无明显变化。结论:适当的有氧运动可以降低高原地区老年人血管僵硬度和提高心率变异性,从而改善心脏自主神经功能的血液指标和体质量,增强心脏和血管的功能。Objective：To describe the results with effects of aerobic exercise on the cardiovascular system and blood indexes in the elderly at high altitude.Methods：We designed two research groups of 30 elderly each.Exercise group in which participants acted aerobic exercise lonG-term,and control group in which participants have a lack of exercise.All participants migrated to Xining from higher altitude（2 260m above sea levels）,and diabetes,hypertension and hyperthyroidism etc.were excluded.The five HRV indexes、the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity（baPWV）、ankle-brachial index（ABI）、weight、BMI and pulse pressure（PP） were measured.The BP、HR and SaO2 were tested during exercise.RBC、MCV、Hb、Cr、BGS、Triglyceride（TG）,cholesterol,high density lipoprotein-cholesterol（HDL） and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol（LDL） were assayed.Results：①RBC count was higher and serum BGS、TC and LDL was lower in exercise group as compared with control group（P0.05）,Nevertheless,no significant difference in level of MCV、Hb、Cr、TG and HDL between two groups;②level of weight、BMI 、blood pressure、PP and HR were decreased,as well as baPWV was low and ABI was high in exercise group as compared with control group（P0.01）;③The SDNN、 RMSSD and PNN50 were higher in exercise group than that in control group;④In exercise group,systolic blood pressure（SBP） showed an increasing tendency in two groups,and diastolic blood pressure（DBP） showed a decreasing tendency in exercise group with increased plenty exercise,contrast in controls;and after motion,the SBP and DBP bake to before motion in exercise group,but they recovered very slowly in controls.There were no changes on the SaO2 and HR in the exercise group before and after exercise.Conclusions：Our study showed appropriate aerobic exercise at high altitude will decrease arterial stiffness and improves HRV,where by the heart autonomic nervous function was improved.

关 键 词：高原运动 老年人 血液相关指标 心率变异性 动脉僵硬度指数 

分 类 号：R54[医药卫生—心血管疾病]