多分量地震极化分析评述  

Review of multi-component seismic polarization analysis

作　　者：马见青[1] 李庆春[1] 王美丁 

机构地区：[1]长安大学地质工程与测绘学院,西安710054 [2]西北有色地质勘查局物化探总队,西安710068

出　　处：《地球物理学进展》2011年第3期992-1003,共12页Progress in Geophysics

基　　金：国家"863"A类课题(2007AA06Z103);交通部西部交通建设项目(200731881262);国家自然科学基金项目(41004043);长安大学科技创新计划项目(CHD2010ZY004)联合资助

摘　　要：多分量地震勘探弥补了用常规单分量地震勘探进行岩性识别、地层构造解释时造成的多解性的不足.极化分析方法在多分量地震资料处理中又起着举足轻重的作用,它根据各种类型的波在传播过程中不同的极化矢量,对地震资料进行震相识别、波场分离和去噪等,为多分量地震资料的后续处理和解释打下基础.目前,国内外学者对极化分析方法进行了大量的研究,取得了丰富的成果.极化分析方法按照地震波场极化分析所依赖的变换域,可以分为时间域、频率域以及时频域三大类,但还没有对这些技术方法进行系统的分析对比.本文旨在对目前发展起来的各种类型的极化分析方法进行分析总结,包括其方法原理、各自的优缺点、应用范围、以及发展前景.试图为今后对极化分析方法的研究提供思路与借鉴.Multi-component seismic exploration makes up the deficiencies of multi-solutions of conventional single component seismic exploration in lithologic identification and stratum structural interpretation. Polarization analysis methods have pivotal role in multi-component seismic data processing. According to the different polarization vectors of seismic data in propagation, it can be used in phase identification, wave-field separation and denoising, which is the basement of subsequent seismic data processing and interpretation. At present, the scholars have made a lot of research of polarization analysis methods, and obtained large number of results. According to the polarization analysis transform domain, polarization analysis methods can be divided into three kinds, which are the time domain, frequency domain and time-frequency domain. The typical polarization analysis methods at present mainly include polarization analysis based on the standard covariance matrix analysis method and the instantaneous polarization attributes based on adaptive covariance matrix in the time domain, polarization analysis based on complex covariance matrix in the frequency domain, as well as the polarization analysis in the wavelet domain based on the adaptive covariance matrix method and the polarization filtering directly using time-frequency wavelet transform and S transform. However, there is still no systematic analysis and contrast of these methods. This article attempts to analyze and summarize various types of polarization analysis methods, including principles, advantages and disadvantages, application and development prospects that provide a clear thinking and direction for future research on polarization analysis methods.

关 键 词：多分量地震 极化分析 协方差矩阵 自适应瞬时极化分析 时频分析 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]