北京地区冬小麦品种生物产量性状的遗传改良和遗传相关分析  

A Study on Genetic Improvement and Correlation Among Biomass Related Traits of Winter Wheat in Beijing Area

作　　者：孙家柱[1] 郭仁峻[1] 田立平[1] 张福胜[1] 尹俊玉[1] 薛民生[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院作物研究所,北京100089

出　　处：《华北农学报》1999年第4期1-6,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

摘　　要：通过对北京地区1949 年以来不同时期冬小麦品种生物产量若干性状的演变规律、遗传相关、环境相关和遗传变异系数的比较得出:①目前推广品种的收获指数比解放初推广品种增加了11-72 个百分点,但是单位茎叶重所负担的子粒重( 克草粒重) 却增加了83-9 % ,说明库源器官的比例变化较大,光合产物输出增多。②随着品种的遗传改良,单个茎秆特别是单个穗子的生产能力强化了,但群体成穗数有所下降,茎秆矮化、粗壮,穗子也变得粗大,小穗勾数增加。③生产品种在系统演化过程中,有些性状间的遗传相关为负值,但这些性状之间的环境相关却几乎全部为正值,说明品种在系统改良的过程中,性状的遗传相关与个体发育中的纯生物学相关不尽一致;一些性状的负向选择( 植株矮化等) 可能要牺牲一些其它性状。④相对于环境变异系数来说,株高、穗子大小和千粒重的遗传变异系数较大,选择的把握性较大。要改良品种的生物产量应该强化源器官的发育、光合生产及输出效率,以总生物产量做指标选择的可靠性较小,如要选择准确则应增加重复数。After 4 years′ study with both old and new winter wheat varities planted in Beijing since 1949, the results could be summarized as follows. (1)The harvest index of new varieties was about 11.72 percent points higher than that of old ones,but the ratio between grain weight and straw (leaf and culm) weight of new varieties was 83.9% higher than that of the old ones.This indicated a high sinksource ratio and a higher efficiency in translocation of photosynthetic products. (2)As the genetic improvement was going on,single stalk biomass was enhanced,the culm became stronger,ear and grain became larger and it could bear more grains per spiklet,but the number of total spikes per unit area and the height of plant got lower. (3)In the progress of variety evolution,a negative genetic correlation coefficient among traits was found,while their corresponding environmental correlation coefficient were almost all positive.It indicted an inconsistency between the genetic correlation of characters and the pure biological correlation in the individual development. (4)Compared with the environmental variance some traits such as the height of plant,and the weight of ear and grain had bigger coefficient of genetic variance and were apt to genetic improvement through selection.It is necessary to improve the development,photosynthetic production,and translocation of original organic compound,in order to raise biomass production.

关 键 词：冬小麦 生物产量性状 遗传改良 品种 

分 类 号：S512.103.2[农业科学—作物学]