粮食危机与农业生产方式——粮食生产中的集体化、资本化与合作化  

Food Crisis and the Relation of Production in Countryside——Collectivization,capitalization and co-operation

作　　者：沈尤佳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《中国农村观察》2011年第4期27-34,44,共9页China Rural Survey

摘　　要：探讨粮食安全,不应只关注耕地、劳动力的投入不足,还应关注农业生产方式。乡村工业化的集体模式被彻底否定,中西部工业化终结;农村青壮年劳动力跨区域务工,无法兼顾农业;耕地的集体所有权受到县以上地方政府的侵蚀,耕地流失;集体经济的衰落导致投入粮食生产的劳动力和耕地不足;大资本兼并土地。这些都导致了粮食安全问题。农业雇工只能获得劳动报酬,低于工业雇工的劳动报酬,从而出现农业雇工荒;资本看中的是土地的非农用途,致使耕地流失更迅速,而组建合作社才是正确的途径。合作社既可以有效地避免耕地非农化使用,又可以有效地调动农业劳动者的积极性。As to food security,attentions should not be split to inadequate inputs of labor and farmland,which traces back to the relation of production in countryside.The collective mode of rural industrialization was thoroughly denied by privatization,the industrialization in Midwest China ends.Inter-provincial outflow of rural labor force results in agricultural labor shortage.Violation of collective ownership of farmland by governments above the county level results in loss of arable land.The decline of rural collective-economy leads to inadequate input of labor and farmland into food production.To ensure adequate input,capitalization is misleading.Can only get paid labor force,lower than the industry pay,agricultural employee shortage occurs.What attract capital are the non-agricultural purposes of land and therefore farmland loses more quickly.Cooperation is the correct way.Can effectively avoid the non-agricultural purposes of farmland because the dividend is based on the trading volume of agricultural products and can effectively mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers directly,not only direct labor as agricultural employee,but also a co-operative shareholder.

关 键 词：粮食危机 乡村集体经济 资本化 合作社 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]