智力迁移国外研究进展  

A REVIEW ON THE OVERSEAS RESEARCHES ON INTELLIGENCE MIGRATION

作　　者：雷小兰[1,2] 郭剑雄[1] 李志俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学国际商学院,西安710062 [2]西北工业大学人文与经法学院,西安710072

出　　处：《人文地理》2011年第4期35-39,共5页Human Geography

基　　金：国家社会科学基金研究项目(08BJL012);陕西师范大学"211工程"第三期重点学科建设项目

摘　　要：智力迁移是一种国际现象,是世界各国普遍关注的问题。目前有关国际智力迁移的理论成果尽管很丰富,有新古典经济学理论、二元劳动力市场理论、新迁移经济学理论、相对贫困假说、世界体系理论、社会网络理论和机构理论等,但这些理论都有其侧重点,都不能全面综合的解释智力迁移现象。在评述这些理论的基础上,把影响智力迁移的要素归纳为四种:经济、社会、政治和国家联系;重点分析了智力迁移对迁出国的不利影响,认为应该通过国家之间的补偿机制逐渐消除其不利影响。Intelligence migration is an international phenomenon, which has gained great concern from all over the world. Theories of international migration include neoclassical economic theory, dual labor market theory, and new economics of labor migration, as well as relative deprivation theory, world systems theory, network theory, and institutional theory. After reviewing the above theories, four groups of categories acting on international migration are identified： economy, society, politics and linkages between countries. The categories are further divided into several components. Integrating the four categories, a systematic framework of intelligence migration is presented. In general, all the four categories have impacts in both sending and receiving countries. The impacts in the framework can be direct, reverse, and indirect. Direct effects are straightforward effects of the determinants of international migration. Reverse effects are subsequent effects of international migration on the various determinants. To sum up, intelligence migration and its determinants are interrelated and interacted in the framework. Hereby, the negative effects of brain drain are analyzed in detail. The overwhelming opinion is that the emigration of professionals and academics has certainly harmed the home countries in that the ＂reverse technology transfer＂ resulting from such migration entails high costs for the countries of origin that are not repaid by the receiving countries. Also, the emigration of qualified workers brings disadvantages for the population left behind, as it reduces the chances of productively deploying production factors complementary to human capital, and eliminates incomes that are the basis of domestic demand and taxation. Another opinion is that the outflow of the intelligence may result in excessive education and education-induced unemployment. Based on the causes of intelligence migration, four specific recommendations for policies to reduce the intelligence migration are explicitly stated. Finally, af

关 键 词：智力迁移 迁移理论 影响因素 补偿机制 

分 类 号：F11[经济管理—国际贸易]