古尔班通古特沙漠梭梭与白梭梭利用降雨的差异  

Difference of rainfall use strategy between Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum in Gurbantonggut Desert

作　　者：张卫宾[1] 刘彤[1] 李宽亮[1] 徐满厚[1] 司朗明[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学生命科学学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2011年第8期1612-1619,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目课题(2007BAC17B03);石河子大学重大科技攻关项目(gxjs2010-zdgg01)资助

摘　　要：采用模拟降雨的方法,对梭梭和白梭梭的降雨再分配过程进行了研究,并对梭梭与白梭梭0～100cm的浅层根系分布进行了调查。回归分析发现,梭梭与白梭梭茎流率、穿透率、截留率与降雨量之间呈显著对数关系。在相同的降雨强度下,梭梭与白梭梭之间降雨分配无显著差异,但在不同降雨强度下梭梭和白梭梭各自的降雨再分配存在显著差异。20mm·h-1的降雨强度有利于产生更多的茎流,梭梭和白梭梭茎流率在降雨强度20mm·h-1的情况下是30mm·h-1的情况下的2.3倍和2.9倍。白梭梭根系主要分布在土壤表层,0～60cm的土壤深度内侧根数占0～100cm内总侧根数的86%。白梭梭在0～20、20～40、40～60cm土壤深度的水平侧根极显著高于梭梭,分别是梭梭的10.0倍、9.6倍和10.9倍。白梭梭水平侧根伸展距离极显著大于梭梭,白梭梭根系冠幅半径为7.1m,梭梭为2.3m。综上所述,白梭梭主要通过植株特殊形态结构增加茎流等降雨再分配和地下根系协同作用,来充分的利用降雨;梭梭浅层根系分布稀少,故其利用降雨的能力十分有限,而更趋向于利用地下水。By the method of simulated rainfall,this paper studied the redistribution of rainfall on shrubs Haloxylon ammodendron and H.persicum in Gurbantonggut Desert,and investigated the root distribution of the shrubs in 0-100 cm soil layer.Regression analysis showed that the stemflow,throughfall,and interception of the shrubs had logarithmic correlation with rainfall.The rainfall redistribution on the two shrubs had no significant difference at the same rainfall intensities,but differed significantly at different rainfall intensities.The stemflow of H.ammodendron and H.persicum at rainfall intensity 20 mm·h-1 was 2.3 and 2.9 times of that at 30 mm·h-1,respectively.The root system of H.persicum was mainly distributed in surface soil,and 86% of the lateral roots were distributed in 0-60 cm soil layer.The amount of the lateral roots of H.persicum in 0-20 cm,20-40 cm,and 40-60 cm soil layers was 10.0,9.6,and 10.9 times of that of H.ammoderdron,respectively.The extending space of H.persicum lateral roots was significantly larger than that of H.ammoderdron＇s,and the root coronal radius of H.persicum was larger than that of H.ammoderdron,being 7.1 m and 2.3 m,respectively.All the results suggested that in the study area,H.persicum could use rainwater more efficiently than H.ammoderdron via the synergistic effects of the special plant morphological structure to increase the redistribution of throughfall and the root absorption of water.H.persicum had sparse distribution of lateral roots,and thereby,this shrub had limited capability of using rainfall and more tended to use underground water.

关 键 词：梭梭 白梭梭 茎流 穿透水 截留水 根系分布 

分 类 号：S793.9[农业科学—林木遗传育种]