水利水电工程移民补偿的治理机制研究  

Study of Compensation Governance for Resettlement in Water Conservancy and Hydropower Projects

作　　者：邬亮[1] 齐晔[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学公共管理学院,北京100084

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2011年第7期96-100,共5页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：中国发展研究基金会2008年度"通用汽车.中国发展研究青年奖学金"

摘　　要：有效和妥善地解决工程移民的搬迁和安置问题,不仅是水利事业顺利发展的关键,也是预防和减缓社会矛盾的关键。在改革开放时期,移民补偿问题的解决方式是前所未有的。为了解释这种移民补偿方式,本研究以湖南省洪江和碗米坡两个水电站的移民搬迁和安置过程为案例,从治理机制的角度进行分析。研究发现完成移民补偿的治理机制是一种包含了命令、交易、合作的混合机制。水电公司是水能开发的最大受益者,也是移民补偿的责任人,但它并不直接去完成移民补偿,而是将移民补偿的任务用合同的方式外包给市级政府。市级政府分解了从水电公司获得的任务和资金,并用行政命令要求下级政府完成补偿任务。县级政府分配了任务给乡镇政府,乡镇政府再分配任务给行政村。行政村的村委会接受任务后,将补偿资金转交给移民,并用村集体中的合作机制向移民提供耕地、宅基地等资源。这种混合式的治理机制使得移民补偿任务能够按期顺利完成,具有非常强的有效性。Solving the problem of resettlement effectively and appropriately in water conservancy and hydroelectric projects is key the to the development of water conservation and the prevention of social conflicts.In order to make clear the unprecedented way of resettlement in the reform era of China,this study took the case of Hongjiang and Wanmipo Hydropower Stations in Hunan province and analyzed the governance in their resettlement process.This study found that the compensation governance was hybrid governance including command,exchange and cooperation.The hydropower company was the prime beneficiary of the hydropower project and responsible for resettlement.However,it signed a contract with the prefectural government,instead of completing the resettlement by itself.The prefectural government divided the resettlement task from the hydropower company among the county-level governments and commanded them to execute it.The county-level governments divided the task among town-level governments,and the town-level governments again divided the task among villages.Villagers committees received the command from the upper-level governments,transferred funds to the relocated people and gave them farmland and housing land by using the cooperation mechanism in villages.This hybrid governance was so effective that the resettlement could be finished on time.

关 键 词：治理机制 补偿 移民 水利水电工程 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]