从食物消费需求角度谈中国土地利用战略  

Study on Land Use Strategies in China from the Viewpoint of Food Consumption

作　　者：许月卿[1,2] 吴艳芳[1] 张衍毓[2] 邵晓梅[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]中国土地勘测规划院,国土资源部土地利用重点实验室,北京100035

出　　处：《中国土地科学》2011年第6期24-29,F0003,共7页China Land Science

基　　金：国土资源部土地利用重点实验室“土地资源战略研究”课题;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目资助(2011JS162);“十一五”科技支撑计划项目专题“综合食物安全风险识别与评估”(2006BAD20B07)

摘　　要：研究目的:从食物消费需求角度,研究中国土地利用战略,为保障中国食物安全和加强土地资源有效管理提供科学依据。研究方法:文献分析法,归纳总结法。研究结果:随着人均收入的增加,城乡居民对粮食的消费需求呈减少趋势,而对动物性食物消费尤其是家禽和水产品消费将会显著增加。中国城乡居民食物消费结构及水平地域差异明显。中国饲料用粮和工业用粮持续增长,占粮食总消费量的比重不断提高。粮食非主产区应转变"主销区"的观念,承担相应的粮食生产任务。中国粮食生产的重心已由南方向北方、东部向中部推移,应该加强对北方及中部新增长中心的潜力挖掘。研究结论:树立"大食物"观念,着眼于各类土地资源;因地制宜调整农用地结构,加强耕地质量保护;转变传统粮食供给观念,提高非主产区食物供给能力;加强粮食主产区建设,进一步提升粮食主产区粮食生产能力。The purpose of this paper is to study the land use strategies in China from the viewpoint of food consumption so as to provide scientific basis for national food security and land resources sustainable use. Methods employed are documentation, induction and summarization. The results indicate that （1） With the improvement of income level, the animal consumption of urban and rural residents in China, particularly the poultry and aquatic products, has increased considerably. By contrast, the grain consumption has decreased obviously. （2） The food consumption levels and structures are significantly different between urban and rural sectors, and also among regions. （3） Grain for fodder and industrial uses have increased steadily and the ratios account to the total grain consumption have also increased in China. （4） The non-major grain production area should change the mind of being ＂main food consumption area＂ and be responsible to grain production. （5） The grain production center of gravity has changed fromthe south to the north and from the east to the middle of China. Thus the potential grain productivity should be strengthened in the south and middle of China. It is concluded with some policy recommendations for current land use strategies, such as （ 1 ） Enlarging the concept of ＂food＂ and expanding the sources of food supply to meet urban and rural residents＇ food demand. （2） Readjusting land use structure and paying attention to the quality protection of arable land. （3） Changing the traditional grain supply concept and improving the food supply capacity in non-major grain production area.（4） Strengthening the development of the major grain production area and enhancing its grain productivity.

关 键 词：土地利用 战略 食物消费需求 饲料用粮 工业用粮 食物安全 

分 类 号：F301.24[经济管理—产业经济]