熔盐堆中氚的控制和监测  

Control and monitoring of tritium in molten salt reactor

作　　者：黄豫[1,2] 刘卫[2] 肖德涛[1] 吴胜伟[2] 曾友石[2] 钱渊[2] 李玉兰[2] 

机构地区：[1]南华大学核科学技术学院,衡阳421001 [2]中国科学院上海应用物理研究所,上海201800

出　　处：《核技术》2011年第8期632-636,共5页Nuclear Techniques

摘　　要：熔盐堆中氚除了从废气中排出,还能经熔盐管道渗透进入环境。氚在管道中的渗透严重影响熔盐堆结构材料的力学性质和使用寿命,同时对环境造成污染。为了减少氚对材料和环境的危害,必须对熔盐堆中的氚进行严格控制。控制氚产生和渗透的主要方法包括提高7Li的浓度、向熔盐中补充Li或Be等。对氚进行监测是氚控制的基础,能及时反映熔盐堆的运行状况。本文讨论了测氚的方法:液体闪烁法、电离室法和正比计数器法。相比于液闪的离线测量,电离室和正比计数器都能达到在线测量的目的,然而液闪的灵敏度高,有更低的探测下限。为了能准确测量熔盐堆中氚的排放情况,可以同时采用液闪和电离室来进行测量。A molten salt reactor（MSR） produces large amount of tritium.While the tritium may discharge from the stack,some of the tritium may permeate through the reactor vessel,causing serious effects on mechanical properties and lifetime of the structure materials,and large impact to the environment.In this paper,we give a review on the four methods to control and reduce the permeation of tritium in an MSR,such as increasing the concentration of 7Li,adding Li or Be to the fuel salt,etc.The tritium monitoring,which is fundamental and essential in its control,can reflect the operation status of the MSR.The three methods of monitoring tritium,i.e.liquid scintillation,ionization chamber,and proportional gas counting,are discussed,and accurate tritium monitoring can be achieved by combining the ionization chamber and liquid scintillation.

关 键 词：熔盐堆 氚 控制 监测 

分 类 号：TL751[核科学技术—辐射防护及环境保护]