国外航天器在轨故障统计与分析  

Analysis on Foreign Spacecraft In-orbit Failures

作　　者：谭春林[1] 胡太彬[1] 王大鹏[1] 刘永健[1] 姜东升[1] 石军[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094

出　　处：《航天器工程》2011年第4期130-136,共7页Spacecraft Engineering

基　　金：卫星故障在轨维修技术研究(2009AA7045007)

摘　　要：统计和分析航天器在轨实际发生的故障,可以从中发现在轨故障发生的规律,并指导航天器采取预防或纠正措施。文章在收集航天器在轨故障的基础上,划分了故障的类别,总结了故障发生趋势。对航天器平台而言,控制、供配电、推进3个分系统的故障所占比例最高。针对航天器供配电、综合电子、推进、热控、环控生保等分系统的故障进行了统计,并分析了其主要的故障。结果表明:太阳电池阵机械故障、太阳电池阵布线短路和太阳电池单体互连故障等是供配电系统常见的故障;综合电子类故障中,瞬时故障主要发生在姿轨控和通信分系统,永久故障主要发生在姿轨控计算机、计算机和电气设备;推进类故障主要发生在高轨道。最后,针对重要故障的原因,提出了在设计初期开展故障仿真、细化空间环境模型、规范空间环境设计方法、采用故障诊断和灵活性设计手段、开展运动机构等部件的长寿命研究、优化出厂前试验及测试项目等故障对策,以降低故障发生率,减少航天器在轨风险。Through studying the in-orbit failures of spacecraft,the rule of failure occurrence can be gotten which can help taking precautionary or corrective measures.On the basis of failure data collected,satellite in-orbit failures are categorized and analyzed,and the current of in-orbit failure is summarized.The number of spacecraft failure increases every year,and the failure numbers of attitude and orbit control subsystem（AOCS）,power subsystem and propulsion subsystem are more than the other subsystems.Moreover,the failures of power,integrative electronics,propulsion,thermal,environmental control and life support subsystems are analyzed.The result shows that the most failures of power subsystem are solar array mechanical failure,interconnect failure,and solar cell failures;for integrative electronics failure,the most transient failures are attitude and orbit control failure and communication subsystem failure,and the most permanent failures are attitude and orbit control computer failure and electric equipment failure;the propulsion subsystem failure in high orbit is mostly.And then,in order to reduce the occurrence probability of spacecraft failure and decrease the in-orbit risk of spacecraft,precautionary or corrective countermeasures are to be adopted,which are enforcing failure simulation in initial stage,building specific space environment model,normalizing space environment design method,adopting failure diagnose and flexibility design,developing long life study of move or turn machine,and optimizing test items before spacecraft launching.

关 键 词：航天器 在轨故障 统计分析 故障对策 

分 类 号：V467[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航制造工程]