陕北黄土高原土地利用防风固沙功能价值时空研究  

Dynamic change of value of landuse sand-fixing effect in Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi Province

作　　者：李晶[1,2] 任志远[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,西安710062 [2]陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究中心,西安710062

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2011年第7期183-187,共5页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41001388);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(GK200902023)资助

摘　　要：防风固沙功能是生态系统生态服务功能之一。目前,对土地利用防风固沙价值的定性描述很多,定量测算其价值的方法则尚在探索之中。因此,研究生态系统防风固沙服务功能价值及其动态变化,对保育风沙区的环境具有重要意义。为了解决这个问题,文中以陕北黄土高原1978-2000年的土地利用数据为依据,运用按研究区实际情况建立的测算模型,对该区土地利用防风固沙服务功能价值进行了测算和动态分析。以G IS为平台,分别计算每个单元的风蚀流失量然后汇总,得到陕北黄土高原防风量。将所得图件进行拓扑叠加,再代入风沙流失量模型,得出陕北黄土高原地区1978年、1990年与2000年风沙流失量与生态系统土壤保持量。用预期收益资本化法来评估土地防风固沙的价值。陕北黄土高原防风固沙物质量和价值量在1978～2000年期间呈现增长的趋势。1978年～1990年内土地利用总防风固沙价值从3.40亿元/a增加到3.76亿元/a;1990年～2000年内土地利用防风固沙价值从3.76亿元/a增加到3.80亿元/a,这充分说明了陕北黄土高原防风固沙效益显著。结果表明:陕北黄土高原生态系统防风固沙服务功能价值量的变化是国家生态政策、自然因素、经济因素等合力驱动的结果。"退耕还林还草"和"营造防护林"等生态措施的实施,对保育风沙区的环境起到了积极作用。人类对生态系统服务功能的干预主要通过改变土地利用方式来实现,土地利用类型的动态变化会产生相应的生态响应。Landuse sand-fixing effect is one of the ecological service functions in landuse ecosystem.At present,most of the researches about the economic value of landuse sand-fixing effect are static and qualitative,but the studies on the dynamic change and quantitative appraisal are insufficient to guide the formulation of policies and the implementation of measures for conserving and regenerating ecology.In order to solve the problems above,this research took a study on the estimation and dynamic change of the ecological ser-vice value of the woodlands and the grasslands in the Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi Province during the period of 1978-2000.Using GIS,we calculated the wind erosion and loss of each small area in the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi in terms of handling precautions,then aggregated,and got the quantity of the sand fixing in northern Shaanxi.overlay topology was carried out from the map,and then took into the wind and sand erosion model to get loss of sand and soil ecosystem in the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi in 1978,1990 and 2000.With the expected return of capital method to assess the value of landuse sand-fixing effect.The quantity and economic value of landuse sand-fixing effect was increased in the Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi Province during the period of 1978-2000.The economic value of landuse sand-fixing effect of North Shaanxi Loess Plateau in 1978 was $0.34 billion;and that of 1990 was almost $0.036 billion;while the value of 2000 was $0.004 billion higher than that of 1990.This showed the sand-fixing was efficiency significantly in the Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi Province.Ecological policies,natural factors and economic factors affected jointly the change of the ecological service value of sand-fixing effect of the woodlands and the grasslands in the Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi Province during the period of 1988-2003,and the implementation of the policies about building the shelter-forests and returning farmlands to woodlands has improved the ecological environme

关 键 词：陕北黄土高原 防风固沙 土地利用 价值 时空研究 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]