山西枣黑顶病的危害症状及发病规律研究  

The Symptoms and Occurrence Regularity of Black Tip Disease of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.in Shanxi Province

作　　者：邓彩萍[1] 刘贤谦[1] 刘随存[2] 王琼[1] 范卫国 阎宏晋 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学林学院,山西太谷030801 [2]山西省林业科学研究院,山西太原030012 [3]山西省洪洞县林业局,山西洪洞041600

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第3期226-229,共4页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：山西省科技攻关项目(022035);林业公益性行业科研专项(201004041);山西农业大学科技创新基金(2010006)

摘　　要：选取山西省晋中地区5个有代表性的枣园,系统调查了枣园枣黑顶病的症状、病果的分布型以及发病规律。结果显示:枣黑顶病在四卦、里美庄、王村、东崖、南流等枣区普遍发生,以四卦发病最重,主栽品种壶瓶枣发病率和发病指数分别达73.6%、63.45。发病症状为果实顶部失水萎缩,坏死,但不腐烂,果实病斑处味苦涩,病果无食用及商品价值。枣黑顶病在枣果膨大期、白熟期和成熟期均可发病,首先在果实顶部出现淡黄色的小病斑,随后斑块逐渐变大,呈黑褐色,皱缩。枣黑顶病的发病规律是树顶重于树下,外缘重于内膛;在病区内黑顶病病株呈均匀分布,不存在中心病株和中心病区;离砖厂距离近的区域发病重,远离砖厂的区域发病轻或者不发病。枣黑顶病的发病符合非侵染性病害的发病规律。Five jujube gardens in Jinzhong were investigated to determine symptom,spatial distribution pattern and occurrence regularity of black tip disease.The investigation showed that this disease generally occurred in jujube production areas（Sigua,Limeizhuang,Wangcun,Dongya,Nanliu,etc.）.In these areas,the most serious area was at Sigua.Incidence and disease index of Huping jujube were 73.6% and 63.45% respectively.Symptom of the disease was darkening and shrinkage at the fruits stylar end,but not decomposed.Disease spots on jujube fruit was bitter and unedible.Moreover,these fruits lost the commodity value.The disease appeared in fruit expanding period,white ripe period and mature period.Small light-yellow spot was found firstly at fruits stylar end.Then the spot became bigger,dark brown and crimpled.Occurrence regularity of the disease is more serious on top and edge than that under and inside the tree.There is no center disease trees and the center units.It appeared uniformly distributed.The black tip disease happened seriously near the brick kilns,and was not serious or no happened far from the brick kilns.Occurrence regularity of the disease accords with the regularity of the noninfectious diseases.

关 键 词：枣黑顶病 症状 发病率 发病规律 

分 类 号：S763.19[农业科学—森林保护学]