常规灌溉条件下施氮对温室土壤氨挥发的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application on ammonia volatilization in greenhouse soil under condition of conventional irrigation

作　　者：李银坤[1,2] 武雪萍[1] 梅旭荣[2] 段敏杰[2] 武其甫[1] 吴会军[1] 王小彬[1] 蔡典雄[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,农业部植物营养与养分循环重点开放实验室,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,农业部旱作节水农业重点开放实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2011年第7期23-30,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2011CB100501);国际合作项目(2010DFA34420);国际科技合作项目(2010DFB30550);农田碳氮水关系及高效利用机制研究(BSRF201003);国家自然科学基金项目(30871447)

摘　　要：为明确温室土壤的氨挥发特征,探讨适宜的减量施氮措施对氨挥发损失量及黄瓜产量的影响,在常规灌溉条件下设置了3个施氮(尿素)处理,采用通气法测定了冬春季黄瓜地中的氨挥发速率。结果表明:温室土壤在氮肥基施后7d出现氨挥发速率峰值,但在氮肥追施后,施肥带与非施肥带的氨挥发速率峰值分别在第1d与第5d出现,氨挥发速率的峰值比氮肥基施时下降了8.6%～46.3%,施肥带的累积氨挥发量是非施肥带的0.91～1.54倍。冬春季黄瓜地的氨挥发损失量为16.7～26.6kg/hm2,其中减施氮25%处理N900(900kg/hm2)与减施氮50%处理N600(600kg/hm2)与习惯施氮处理N1200(1200kg/hm2)相比,氨挥发损失量分别降低了22.1%和37.2%。而2a黄瓜产量的平均值以处理N600(600kg/hm2)最高,比处理N1200(1200kg/hm2)增加了6.52%。综合考虑氨挥发损失量、黄瓜产量及施氮量,在河北省的温室冬春季黄瓜生产中,比农民习惯氮用量(1200kg/hm2)减少25%～50%的措施是可行的。To identify the characteristics of greenhouse soil ammonia volatilization and the effect of nitrogen application reducing on ammonia volatilization loss and cucumber yield,a study was carried out with three nitrogen treatments（urea） under conventional irrigation conditions.Also the ammonia volatilization rates were measured in cucumber field with venting method in the winter and spring.The results showed that the peaks of ammonia volatilization rates appeared at seventh day after applying basal fertilizer.After topdressing,the peaks of ammonia volatilization rates in fertilization and non-fertilization zone appeared at the first day and fifth day,respectively.Compared with the basal fertilizer,the peaks value decreased from 8.6% to 46.3%.Ammonia volatilization accumulation in fertilization zone was 0.91-1.54 times of that of non-fertilization zone.Ammonia volatilization loss changed from 16.7 to 26.6 kg/hm2 in cucumber field in the winter and spring.Compared with conventional N rate treatment N1200（1 200 kg/hm2）,the ammonia volatilization loss of the treatments which reduced by 25%（900 kg/hm2） and by 50%（600 kg/hm2） of nitrogen application decreased by 22.1% and 37.2% respectively.The average cucumber yield of N600 treatment（600 kg/hm2） was highest in two years and it was 6.25% higher than that of N1200 treatment（1 200 kg/hm2）.Based on general combining the ammonia volatilization loss,with cucumber yield and with nitrogen application in greenhouse in Hebei Province,it is feasible that the N rate decreases by 25%（900 kg/hm2） to 50%（600 kg/hm2） compared with conventional N rate（1 200 kg/hm2）.

关 键 词：温室 氮 肥料 氨挥发 黄瓜 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程] X592[农业科学—农业工程]