基于开放式培养的微藻生物柴油生命周期环境影响评价  

Life cycle environmental impact assessment of biodiesel from microalgae in open ponds

作　　者：侯坚[1,2] 张培栋[1] 袁宪正[1,2] 郑永红[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所,青岛266101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2011年第7期251-257,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家环境保护部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(2008467087);国家自然科学基金(40901063)

摘　　要：为定量评价以微藻为原料生产的生物柴油生命周期系统产生的各种潜在环境影响,以基于开放式培养的微藻生物柴油为研究对象,应用生命周期分析方法,以1MJ能量的柴油产品为功能单位,对生产、使用微藻生物柴油产生的环境影响进行了分析。结果表明:微藻生物柴油生命周期最显著的环境影响类型为不可更新资源消耗,其次为光化学烟雾形成,生命周期总环境影响指数为4.63×10-4人当量,较石化柴油降低19.34%,以油菜籽为原料的生物柴油生命周期总环境影响指数是微藻生物柴油的7.19倍,微藻培养与生物柴油制取对生命周期总环境影响指数的贡献分别为27.95%与46.24%。基于开放式培养的微藻生物柴油相对于石化柴油与以油菜籽为原料的生物柴油具有较好的生命周期环境效益,控制微藻生物柴油生命周期环境影响的要点在于减少微藻培养与生物柴油制取阶段的动力消耗。This paper assessed the potential environmental impacts generated in the life cycle of biodiesel which was made from microalgae cultivated in open ponds.The functional unit was 1 MJ diesel product.The results showed that the most prominent impact category in the life cycle of microalgae biodiesel was non-renewable resources depletion potential,and the second one was photochemical ozone creation potential.The total environmental impact indicator in the life cycle of microalgae biodiesel was 4.63×10-4 equivalent persons,decreased by 19.34% than that of fossil diesel,and the life cycle total environmental impact indicator of rapeseed biodiesel was 7.19 times of that of microalgae based biodiesel.The contributions of stages of microalgae cultivation and biodiesel conversion to the life cycle total environmental impact indicator of microalgae biodiesel were 28.23% and 46.61% respectively.Biodiesel made from microalgae cultivated in open ponds has better environmental performance than fossil diesel and biodiesel made from rapeseed.The essential measure to control the environmental impacts in the life cycle of microalgae biodiesel is to reduce the power consumption in the stages of microalgae cultivation and biodiesel conversion.

关 键 词：生物柴油 生命周期 环境影响评价 开放式培养 微藻 

分 类 号：TK6[动力工程及工程热物理—生物能]