云南石林石柱表面水平凹槽特征及其环境意义  

The dissolved horizontal groove on stone pillar in Yunnan Stone Forest and its environmental sense

作　　者：李才库[1,2] 陈余萍[3] 徐贵生[4] 鞠大伟[1] 李艳美[5] 

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学旅游与地理科学学院,云南昆明650092 [2]云南地质工程第二勘察院,云南昆明650218 [3]云南师范大学附属中学,云南昆明650106 [4]宜春学院高安校区,江西宜春330800 [5]楚雄师范学院,云南楚雄67500

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2011年第2期138-144,共7页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"喀斯特退化地质生态系统保护地的景观恢复机理研究"(40762004)

摘　　要：以云南石林5 m以上石柱侧面的水平凹槽遗迹为研究对象,测量不同地形部位和不同海拔上的石柱高度、宽度,石柱地面高程、经纬度,石柱上土蚀凹槽层数、各层凹槽距地面的高度。统计表明:石柱上的水平凹槽遗迹有土蚀和水蚀作用形成的两种,水蚀凹槽长度平均1.77 m,长于土蚀凹槽(1.33 m);水蚀凹槽深度平均0.45 m,比土蚀凹槽(0.40 m)深;水蚀凹槽宽度平均0.25 m,小于土蚀凹槽(1.13 m)。调查点不同地形部位(溶蚀洼地底部、洼地斜坡、溶丘顶部)的石柱高度分别是14.00 m、12.3 m和11.30 m,平均高度12.53 m;不同地形部位石柱上的土蚀凹槽层数分别是5.0层、4.9层和4.7层,平均4.95层;石柱上第一至第三层土蚀凹槽距离地面的高度分别是2.00 m、4.09 m和6.20 m。经检验:土蚀凹槽的长、宽、深随海拔高度增加而减小,水蚀凹槽特征(长、宽、深)与海拔高度无相关性,两凹槽宽度有显著差异;不同地形部位石柱高度、凹槽层数及层高差异不显著,说明在石林发育演化过程中没有强烈的褶皱运动和差异性掀斜性升降活动,整体处于相对一致的构造环境中,岩溶作用均匀。The study focuses on the dissolved horizontal groove around the stone pillars higher than 5 m in Yunnan Stone Forest.The height,width,elevation,latitude and longitude of the stone pillars at different topography sites and different elevation are measured.Further on,the number of layers of the soil moisture dissolved groove and the height of each layer to ground surface are metered.The statistics shows that the grooves are divided into two kinds,water eroded and soil moisture dissolved grooves,according their formation.The length of water eroded grooves are longer,about 1.77 m in average,but the soil moisture dissolved ones are shorter,about 1.33 m in average.The depth of water eroded grooves are deeper,about 0.45 m in average,than the soil moisture dissolved ones（about 0.40 m in average）.The average width of water eroded grooves is about 0.25 m,and that of soil moisture dissolved is wider,about 1.13 m.The average height of the stone pillar is 12.53 m with the height of the stone pillars being 14.0 m at the bottom of the depression,12.3 m on the slope and 11.3 m on the hill-top dividedly.There are 4.95 layers of groove in average totally,but 5.0 layers at the bottom of the depression,4.9 layers on the slope and 4.7 layers on the hill top dividedly.The height of the one to three levels＇ grooves to the ground is 2.00 m,4.09 m and 6.20 m dividedly.Upon inspection,there is significant difference in width between the two different genetic types of grooves.The length,width and depth of soil moisture dissolved groove decrease with elevation,but that of water eroded groove have nothing to do with elevation.There are no obvious differences in the height,number of layers and altitude in the grooves at different topography sites,proving that there was neither strong folding movement nor tilting uplift-falling movement but consistent geologic structure conditions during the formation of the stone forest that leading to uniform karstification.

关 键 词：土蚀凹槽 水蚀凹槽 地形部位 海拔高度 云南石林 

分 类 号：P931.5[天文地球—自然地理学]