重庆市雷暴气候变化特征分析  

An Analysis on Climatic Variation Characteristics of Thunderstorm in Chongqing

作　　者：李京校[1] 李家启[1,2] 肖稳安[1] 陈宏[3] 朱传林[1] 何慧根[3] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学,南京210044 [2]重庆市北碚区气象局,重庆400700 [3]重庆市气象局,重庆401147

出　　处：《热带地理》2011年第2期171-177,共7页Tropical Geography

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项[GYHY(QX)2007-6-22-4;GYHY200806014]

摘　　要：利用重庆市34个观测站1951―2009年雷暴日资料,通过数理统计、小波分析、EOF分析等方法,研究重庆市雷暴气候变化特征、周期性规律以及时空分布特征。结果显示:重庆市年平均雷暴日数为37.48 d,一年中任何月份都可出现雷暴,以7、8月份为最多,雷暴主要发生在夏季。过去59年,雷暴日数年代际差异较大,并呈波动减少趋势,平均每10年减少3.403 d。从morlet小波分析结果看,重庆雷暴具有5 a短周期、8～9 a中周期和18 a长周期振荡变化。从空间分布来看,渝东南年平均雷暴日数最多,渝中和渝东北次之,渝西最少,雷暴分布呈现出从东部高山向中部、西部丘陵低山逐渐递减的特征。根据EOF分析,重庆雷暴异常空间分布可划分为全市一致型、局部型、经向型、纬向型等类型。With the observational thunderstorm data of 34 stations in Chongqing during 1951-2009,the climatic variation characteristics,periodicity features,temporal-spatial distribution of the thunderstorms are studied by means of mathematical statistics,wavelets analysis and EOF analysis.The results show that the average annual number of thunderstorm days is 37.48d in Chongqing City and it can occur in any month,mostly in July and August.Thunderstorms mainly happen in summer.Over the past 59a interannual thunderstorm variability was significant and showed a decrease trend with fluctuation,and the decrease was about 3.403d per decade on average.The results from wavelet analysis show that the variation of annual number of thunderstorm days in Chongqing has a short period of 5a,a middle period of 8-9a and a long period of 18a.As for the spatial distribution,the maximum number of thunderstorm days lies in the southeast of Chongqing,the second in middle and northeast,and the minimum in the west.Distribution of thunderstorm shows the characteristics of gradually decreasing from the eastern mountains to the central and western hills.The analysis of EOF shows that the abnormal spatial distribution of thunderstorm in Chongqing can be classified into several types：overall type,local type,longitude type,and latitude type.

关 键 词：雷暴 时空特征 小波分析 EOF 重庆 

分 类 号：P446[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]