山东省部分地区11902名农村居民农业伤害调查  

A survey on the agricultural profession-related injuries among 11 902 rural residents in Shandong province

作　　者：李志华[1] 尹卫青 马红[3] 刘维量[1] 李沙沙[4] 张孟林[4] 储文杰[4] 安邦[4] 

机构地区：[1]潍坊医学院公共卫生学院流行病学教研室,261053 [2]东营市盐窝镇卫生院 [3]东营市河口区疾病预防控制中心 [4]潍坊医学院学生

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》2011年第8期768-772,共5页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

基　　金：感谢潍坊医学院大学生科技创新基金项目“山东省农业伤害调查研究”的资助及济宁、青岛、淄博、潍坊和东营市所属县乡镇有关部门在现场调查中给予的支持

摘　　要：目的了解山东省农村居民农业伤害现况。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法，随机抽取20个行政村从事农业生产及相关活动的人员为调查对象。2009年5月1日至2010年4月30日分4次进村入户面对面访问，现场填写调查问卷，调查农业伤害发生情况。采用SPSS13．0软件录入数据和统计分析。结果共调查11902人，有837人在1年中曾遭受≥1次农业伤害，粗发生率为7．03％，标化发生率为7．36％，其中男性发生率（9．01％）高于女性（4．10％），Х^2=105．53，P=0．000。以≤14岁年龄组发生率较高（9．50％），Х^2=9．70，P=O．008。商业性农业服务人员伤害发生率最高（12．94％），尤其是建筑维修和生产物资运输工种，伤害发生率分别为16．80％和15．59％，高于其他工种（Х^2=167．30，P=0．000）；在各种道路和田间伤害发生比例大，分别占28．79％和28．08％，且以农业生产活动和物资运输活动为高，分别占38．00％和27．97％；以6—8月伤害发生率最高（47．43％）。伤害外在原因前三位类型依次是器械伤（31．42％）、运输伤（24．13％）和跌落伤（20．19％）；损伤部位以四肢伤居多（56．39％）；意外白伤占76．82％，意外他伤占11．47％；以轻、中度损伤为主，分别占60．22％和30．34％。因伤死亡7人，病死率为O．84％，死亡专率为58．81／10万；因伤致残72人，病残率为6．05％。伤害自身原因中以“不知道如何防护”比例最高（29．87％），其中女性高达45．41％，“过度疲劳”和“处置不当”分别列第二、三位，而男性第二位的是“处置不当”。自然环境因素中以“气温高、湿度大、风速低”居多（14．93％），其次是“坡道、急转弯、交叉路口缺乏标志，无准备”（12．19％）、“天黑光线差”（10．87％）、“雨雪路滑”（10．51％）和“儿童无人监护”（10．27％�Objective To understand the prevalence and risk factors of agricultural activities related injuries among rural residents in Shandong province. Methods A retrospective investigation was conducted among agricultural profession-related workers in 20 villages with multistage cluster sampling method in Shandong province. Four times face-to-face interview were conducted by trained interviewers, including 32 students and local medical personnel under constructed questionnaires. Accidental injuries occurred in the activities or in the agricultural profession-related jobs were recorded, from May 1^st 2009 to April 30^st 2010. Data was input and analyzed by SPSS 13.0 statistical software. Results A total of 837 cases reported at least 1 job-related injury out of the 11 902 people who had been surveyed in one year. The crude incidence rate was 7.03% and the standardized incidence rate was 7.36%, higher in males （9.01%） than in females （4.10%）, Z2--- 105.53, P=0.000. Children and adolescents （ ~〈 14 aged） had the higher incidence rate （9.50%）, Х^2=9.70, P=0.008. People working in the area of commercial service related to agricultural products had the highest incidence rate （12.94%）. In particular, those occupations that related to agricultural construction or materials appeared to have had higher incidence rates as 16.80% and 15.59% respectively, than other kinds of jobs （Х^2= 167.30, P=0.000）. There were higher proportion of injuries occurred in the roads （28.79%）, in the fields （28.08%） during labor work（38.00%） transportation（27.97% ）, respectively. The seasonality of agricultural injures mostly occurred between June and August, accounted for 47.43%. Major external causes related to injuries were instruments or tools （31.42%） being used, transportation （24.13%） and falls （20.19%）. Wounds on limbs took the majority （56.39%）. The accidental self-inflicted injury occupied 76.82%, while accidents to passive injuries occupied 11.47%, other kinds accounted for 11.71%.

关 键 词：农业伤害 发生率 现场调查 

分 类 号：R139[医药卫生—劳动卫生]