不同产量水平旱地冬小麦品种的氮磷利用差异分析  

Analyses of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Use over Winter Wheat Cultivars with Different Yields in Dryland

作　　者：周玲[1] 王朝辉[1] 李可懿[1] 顾炽明[1] 李生秀[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《土壤》2011年第4期558-564,共7页Soils

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40671107);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB118604);农业公益性行业科研专项经费项目(200803030)资助

摘　　要：以9个旱地冬小麦品种为材料,通过田间试验研究不同产量水平旱地冬小麦品种氮、磷效率的差异。结果表明,不同冬小麦品种的籽粒和地上部吸氮量、吸磷量、氮磷收获指数、氮磷效率均存在明显差异。随养分投入水平的提高,不同产量水平品种的籽粒和地上部吸氮量、吸磷量均提高,高产品种随养分投入增加而提高的敏感程度高于中产和低产品种。氮磷收获指数随养分投入水平的提高没有明显的变化规律。低养分投入水平下,高产品种的氮肥回收率和偏生产力分别较低产品种高222%和49%;磷肥回收率和偏生产力分别较低产品种高766%和49%,高投入降低了各产量水平品种的偏生产力。High efficiency breeding based on different responses of crop genotypes to nutrients is the most economic and effective way to achieve high yield and high nutrient efficient. In order to evaluate the differences of nutrient efficiency over winter wheat cultivars with different yields in dryland, nine winter wheat varieties were planted in a field where no fertilizer was applied for six years. Obtained results showed that, N and P uptakes in shoot and grain, N and P harvest indexes, N and P efficiency of different winter wheat cultivars were significantly different. With the increase of fertilizer rate, N and P uptakes in shoot and grain of different yield cultivars increased, and the increments were greater in high-yield varieties than the low-yield ones, showing a stronger response of high-yield cultivars to the input of fertilizer. However, N and P harvest indexes were not affected by the fertilization treatments. Compared with the low-yield cultivars, the high-yield ones were greater by 222% and 49% in N recovery efficiency and N partial factor productivity, and 766% and 49% in P recovery efficiency and P partial factor productivity respectively at the treatment of low fertilizer input. Partial factor productivity of different yield cultivars decreased significantly under high fertilizer input.

关 键 词：冬小麦 养分投入 产量 氮效率 磷效率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]