普通小麦与东方旱麦草杂交世代的细胞遗传学研究  

Cytogenetic Studies on the Cross-generations Between Triticum aestivum and Eremopyrum orientale

作　　者：张桂芳[1] 刘建文 黄远樟 丁敏 唐顺学[2] 贾旭[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学生命科学学院,北京100875 [2]中国科学院遗传研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《Acta Botanica Sinica》1999年第11期1150-1154,共5页Acta Botanica Sinica（植物学报：英文版）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金!39670459

摘　　要：对普通小麦（TriticumaestivumL．）与东方旱麦草（Eremopyrumorientale（Ledeb）Jaub．etspach）属间杂种的回交和自交不同世代（BC2F1、BC3F1、BC2F2、BC3F2和BC2F3）进行了细胞遗传学研究。结果表明，BC2F1代（2n＝44）的植株回交产生的BC3F1代分离2n＝43植株的比例较高；为41．09％，2n＝44的植株类型的比例仅为4．11％；从自交后代BC2F2中分离2n=44植株类型的比例较高，为13．21％。回交二代（BC2F1）多数单株花粉母细胞（PMC）减数分裂过程中出现的单价体数较高，且回交结实率和自交结实率分别与该植株平均每PMC中出现的单价体数呈负相关，其相关系数分别为-0．6766和-0．7429。对BC2F3代部分种子进行的基因组原位杂交检测显示，2n＝44的不同植株所含有的外源染色体数目仍有不同。这些结果说明，由于外源染色体的存在，影响了小麦本身同源染色体的正常配对和分离，降低了小麦染色体的遗传稳定性。The cytogenetics of the backcross generations and self-bred progenies (BC2F1, BC3F1, BC2F2,BC3F2 and BC2F3) of intergenetic hybrid of Triticum aestivum L. × Eremopyrum orientale (Ledeb) Jaub. etSpach were studied. The results showed that the plants BC3F1 (2n = 43 ) isolated from the backcross generations of the plans (2n = 44) accounted for 41. 09%, but the plants (2n = 44) isolated was only 4.11%, and the plants BC2F2 (2n = 44) isolated from self cross generations of the plants BC2F1 (2n = 44)accounted for 13 .21 %. The number of univalents in pollen mother cells was higher in some plants (BC2F1 )and the averages of univalents were negatively related to the backcross seed-setting and self-cross seed-setting with a related coefficient of - 0. 6766* and - 0. 7429* respectively- The results of genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) shoWed that some plants of BC2F3 (2n = 44) contained different number of alienchromosomes- All those indicated that alien chromosomes caused unusual pairing and segregation of wheat homologous chromosomes and also lowed the hereditary stability of wheat chromosomes.

关 键 词：普通小麦 东方旱麦草 细胞遗传学 基因组 

分 类 号：S512.103.4[农业科学—作物学]