民航女职工生殖健康流行病学调查分析  

Epidemiological survey and analysis of reproductive health in civil aviation female employees

作　　者：杨悦[1] 何晓艳[1] 崔蕾[1] 吕玉人[1] 刘娟[2] 郭秀花[2] 

机构地区：[1]民航总医院,北京100123 [2]首都医科大学,北京100123

出　　处：《中国妇幼健康研究》2011年第4期443-445,共3页Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research

摘　　要：目的调查民航女职工月经、妊娠结局情况，分析不利职业因素对生殖健康的影响，以便提供有针对性的女职工卫生保健模式。方法以南方、国际等航空公司部分女乘务员和中航油、中航信、中航材等单位以及机场从事地面工作各部门的在职女职工为研究对象，采用自填问卷进行调查，回收有效问卷1175份，将其分为乘务员组563名和地勤组612名，对调查数据进行统计分析。结果乘务员组月经异常比例为30．55％，明显高于地勤组的13．40％（X^2=50．913，P〈0．01），主要表现为月经周期异常、经量异常、重度痛经发生率增高；乘务员组已生育比例为36．59％，明显低于地勤组的43．95％（X^2=0．010，P〈0．05）；乘务员组自然流产比例为6．80％，明显高于地勤组的2．97％（X^2=3．858，P〈0．05）；乘务员组先兆流产、早产、低出生体重比例明显低于地勤组，两组比较有显著性差异（X^2值分别为4．258、8．584、4．262，均P〈0．05）。结论职业性有害因素对民航女职工生殖健康的影响应得到重视．需建立民航女职工生殖健康卫生保健新模式．做好经期保饽、翠前键康指导、适当调岗筝．Objective To investigate the menstruation and pregnancy outcomes of civil aviation female employees and the effect of occupational risk factors to their reproductive health, so as to provide targeted health care services for them. Methods Some of stewardess of China Southern Airlines, Air China and other airlines and female employees of China Aviation Oil Limited, TravelSky, China Aviation Supplies Holding Company and those engaged in ground-work of various departments in the airport were surveyed with questionnaires. 1 175 efficient questionnaires were collected, which were divided into Crew group with 563 females and ground service group with 612 females, and the data was analyzed. Results The irregular menstruation rate in crew group （30.55%） was significantly higher than that in ground service group （ 13.40% ） （X2 = 50.913, P 〈 0.01 ）, and the major manifestations were irregular menstrual cycle, abnormal amount of menstruation and increasing of severe dysmenorrhea. The fertility rate of crew group （36.59%） was significantly lower than that of ground service group （43.95%） （X2 = 0.010, P 〈 0.05 ）, and the abortion rate of the former （6.80%） was significantly higher than that of the latter （2.97%） （X2 =3. 858, P 〈0.05）. But the rates of threatened abortion, preterm birth and low birth weight in Crew group were significantly lower than those in ground service group, and the differences were significant （X2 was 4.258, 8.58 and 4.262 respectively, all P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion The impact of occupational risk factors to reproductive health of aviation female employees should be regarded seriously. The new reproductive health care services are necessary for them, including menstruation health care, pre-preguancy health counseling and appropriate post changing.

关 键 词：民航女职工 生殖健康 流行病学 月经 妊娠结局 

分 类 号：R173[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]