玻璃温室与田间栽培小麦幼穗分化的比较  

Comparative study of spike differentiation in wheat in the glasshouse and field

作　　者：姜丽娜[1] 赵艳岭[1] 邵云[1] 余海波[1] 林琳[1] 杨金芳[1] 李春喜[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学生命科学学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《生态学报》2011年第15期4207-4214,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2011BAD16B14);农业行业科研专项(200903007)

摘　　要：以河南省大面积种植的弱春性品种"郑麦9023"及半冬性品种"周麦18"为材料,开展了玻璃温室和田间栽培条件下小麦幼穗分化进程的比较研究。结果表明,在小麦全生育期,玻璃温室内平均温度高于田间环境,小麦幼穗分化所需时间极显著低于田间环境(P<0.01)。温度和0℃以上积温升高,小麦幼穗分化进程加快。与田间种植小麦相比,玻璃温室内小麦幼穗分化缩短的时期主要集中在分化前期(出苗-伸长期、单棱期、二棱期)。玻璃温室内小麦幼穗分化持续时间和总积温均随播期推迟而降低,幼穗分化各阶段出现时间亦随播期的推迟而后延。小麦幼穗分化进程存在品种间差异,其中"郑麦9023"幼穗分化持续时间小于"周麦18",各阶段出现的时间亦早于"周麦18"。温度对幼穗分化各时期的影响存在品种间差异。温度升高对"郑麦9023"幼穗分化中期(二棱期、护颖分化期、小花分化期)影响较大,对"周麦18"幼穗分化前期和后期(单棱期、二棱期、药隔分化期)影响较大。积温对"郑麦9023"护颖分化期和"周麦18"药隔分化期、二棱期影响较大。Spike differentiation is important for reproductive organ formation during wheat growth and development,and is a crucial period influencing grain yield.Spike differentiation depends not only on genetic characteristics but also environmental factors such as temperature.In recent years,rising temperatures and extreme weather associated with global climate change have strongly affected agricultural production and systems. Wheat is an important food crop worldwide and is the main crop grown in Henan province.With the aim of assessing the effects of increasing temperature on wheat spike differentiation,a comparative study of wheat spike differentiation in the glasshouse and field was conducted during 2009/2010.The experimental material comprised ＇Zhengmai 9023＇,which is a semi-spring wheat cultivar,and ＇Zhoumai 18＇,which is a semi-winter wheat cultivar.In the field experiment,seeds were sown on 18 October;in the glasshouse experiment,seeds were sown on 1 November（T1）,15 November（T2） and 29 November（T3）.Spike development was observed with a stereomicroscope from seedling emergence until completion of anther differentiation,and the effects of temperature on spike differentiation were studied. The mean temperature and accumulated temperature above zero tended to be higher in the glasshouse than in the field during the whole growth period.Wheat plants underwent normal spike differentiation and attained maturity in the glasshouse,but the duration of the spike differentiation process was significantly shorter in the glasshouse than in the field（P〈0.01）.Therefore,the entire growth period was also shorter in the glasshouse than in the field.The spike differentiation process was accelerated with increasing temperature and accumulated temperature above zero.Compared with the field environment,the spike differentiation stages of significantly shorter duration in the glasshouse were early developmental stages from seedling emergence to the spike elongation,single ridge and double ridge stages.In the glas

关 键 词：小麦 玻璃温室 田间种植 幼穗分化 温度 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]