古尔班通古特沙漠及周缘52种植物种子的萌发特性与生态意义  

A comparative study of seed germination traits of 52 species from Gurbantunggut Desert and its peripheral zone

作　　者：刘会良[1,2] 宋明方[1,2] 段士民[1,3] 王习勇[1,3] 张道远[1,3] 尹林克[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室,中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]中国科学院吐鲁番沙漠植物园,新疆838008

出　　处：《生态学报》2011年第15期4308-4317,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31070472);国家重点基础研究发展计划资助项目(2009CB825104);中国科学院“十二五”预研重要方向性项目(KSCX2-YW-Z-1020)

摘　　要：对古尔班通古特沙漠及其周缘52种植物种子的萌发特性进行比较,以探讨该地区植物的不同萌发对策及其生态适应意义。结果发现:萌发率80%以上的有11种,小于20%的有22种,7种未萌发;萌发开始时间为1 3d的有37种,大于10d的有2种;萌发持续时间为1 7d的有10种,大于22d的有14种;达50%萌发率的时间为1 7d的有17种。主成分分析(PCA)和聚类分析结果表明,52种植物可划分为4种萌发类型:爆发型、过渡型、缓萌型和低萌型,这可能与生境土壤中水分存在差异有关;木本植物的萌发率显著高于非木本植物,暗示木本植物的高萌发率保证植物能够快速占领空间和资源,增加竞争优势,而非木本植物,尤其是1年生植物表现低的萌发率,是植物生存的一种风险分摊策略。In order to determine seed germination traits and its ecological significance of species,seed germination characteristics（germination percentages,day when germination began,germination periods and time required for half the final germination to be reached（d）） of 52 species from the Gurbantunggut Desert and its peripheral zone were studied. Seeds of 52 species were collected at the time of seed dispersal from wild populations at Gurbantunggut Desert in northwest China during 2007.Seeds of each species were harvested from more than 20 individuals chosen at random.The seeds were allowed to dry naturally.The seed lot were stored dry in paper bags（about 23 ℃;RH： 20%-40%） until the experiment began.For each species,four replicates of 50 seeds were placed on two layers of moist filter paper in 9 cm diameter Petri dishes and then placed in temperature-and light-controlled incubators.Seeds of each species were incubated alternating temperature regime of at 25 ℃ in light for 12 h and 10 ℃ in dark for 12 h.This temperature regime corresponds to the mean high and mean low temperatures,respectively,at the study site during the spring germination period.Light was provided by cool-white fluorescent bulbs（photosynthetic photon flux density of 30 μmol m-2 s-1） in 12 h intervals coinciding with the higher temperature period.Seed germination was monitored every 24 h for 30 days,and a seed was considered as germinated if the radicle was visible;germinated seeds were counted and then removed.Un-germinated seed were tested for viability before initiation of experiments as follows： seed viability was checked by cutting the seeds and dipping into 0.5% triphenyltetrazolium chloride（TTC） for 1 h.Pink embryos were considered to be viable. Results showed that germination percentages of 52 species displayed a bimodal distribution,and the germination percentage of most species was exceeding 80% and less than 20%;Day when germination began displayed a skewed toward short periods,37 species began to germinate with

关 键 词：古尔班通古特沙漠 种子萌发 生活型 萌发类型 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]