阿尔山落叶松主要蛀干害虫的种群空间生态位  

Spatial ecological niche of main insect borers in larch of Aershan

作　　者：袁菲[1,2] 骆有庆[1] 石娟[1] Kari Heliovaara 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点试验室,北京100083 [2]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所森林保护学国家林业局重点实验室,北京100091 [3]赫尔辛基大学应用生物学学院,芬兰FIN-00014

出　　处：《生态学报》2011年第15期4342-4349,共8页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：北京林业大学中芬合作项目(BIOPROC1114201);林业公益性行业科研专项(200904029);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(TD2010-4)

摘　　要：对阿尔山落叶松主要蛀干害虫的种群生态位进行了研究,结果表明:在落叶松衰弱立木上,生态位宽度以落叶松八齿小蠹最高,在中龄和老龄树上分别达到0.5782、0.5498,在落叶松中龄和老龄枯死立木上,白带长角天牛的空间生态位宽度分别达到0.5143、0.6294,分布较衰弱木广,而云杉大黑天牛空间生态位宽度在衰弱和枯死立木上都最低。落叶松立木上的空间生态位重叠指数以落叶松八齿小蠹对其他3种优势天牛偏高,天牛之间的空间生态位相似性比例指数均较高且差距较小,说明4种害虫对空间生态位的占据有很大相似程度。4种害虫的空间种间竞争系数均很大,说明对空间和资源的竞争非常激烈,在这种情况下4种害虫能够共存,根本原因是由于取食部位的分化。In the Aershan area of Inner Mongolia,after the third outbreak of the moth Dendrolimus superans Butler in 2002,there was a rapid invasion of several secondary insect borers such as the beetles Monochamus urussovi Fischer von Waldheim,Monochamus sutor Linnaeus,Acanthocinus carinulatus Gebler and Ips subelongatus Motschulsky.This led to great losses of trees in Larix gmelinii Rupr.plantations.No previous research has investigated the ecological niches of these larch borers.We studied their niches in the Aershan area,using ecological niche theory including the concepts of niche breadth,niche overlap,proportion of niche similarity and the interspecific competition coefficient.The results showed that none of these secondary borers damaged healthy L.gmelinii trees.I.subelongatus was the most abundant of the four beetles,with up to 252 individuals found within a 1-2 m length of trunk.The spatial niche breadth of I.subelongatus was greatest in weak standing larch;When in middle-aged larch,it reached 0.5782,and in old larch it reached 0.5498.The spatial niche breadth of A.carinulatus was 0.5143 in middle-aged larch and 0.6294 in old,dead,standing larch,which was greater than in the weak larch.The spatial niche breadth of M.urussovi was smallest in both weak and dead larch.Although the spatial niche breadth of M.sutor was not large,the abundance of this insect was nearly the same as that of A.carinulatus,the dominant longhorned beetle.Niche breadth reflects the degree to which a species occupies a specific niche,and can show proportions of populations distributed among different resource types;it does not reflect abundance.The spatial niche overlap of I.subelongatus with the other three longhorned beetles was large in standing larch.This was because I.subelongatus was distributed throughout each resource type,and had the greatest niche breadth.The spatial niche proportion of I.subelongatus was high in comparison with that of the other three beetles,indicating that demand for space of the four species showed little differen

关 键 词：生态位 落叶松 落叶松八齿小蠹 白带长角天牛 云杉大黑天牛 云杉小黑天牛 

分 类 号：S763.7[农业科学—森林保护学]