中国对虾遗传多样性的RAPD分析──朝鲜半岛西海岸群体的DNA多态性  

GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS ON PENEUS CHINENSIS BY RAPD──THE DNA POLYMORPHISM OF WESTERN COASTAL POPULATION OF KOREAN PENINSULAR

作　　者：石拓[1] 孔杰[1] 刘萍[1] 韩玲玲[2] 庄志猛[1] 邓景耀[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,青岛266071 [2]青岛海洋大学海洋生命学院,青岛266003

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》1999年第6期609-615,共7页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金!39630260

摘　　要：1997年4月自黄海越冬场采集中国对虾朝鲜半岛西海岸群体样品。采用RAPD技术对该群体共33个个体的基因组DNA多态性进行了检测。利用20个随机寡核苷酸引物共检测105个位点，其中多态位点41个，占39％。单个引物获得的标记为1－10个，分子量为180－2200bp。个体间的平均遗传距离为0．093，群体的平均余合度为0．2176。表明该对虾群体的遗传多样性较低。低水平的遗传多样性一方面使中国对虾的生存情况更加危险，同时其本身也可能是对虾对病害、恶劣环境等不利因素的抵抗力下降，从而导致资源衰退的原因之一。研究结果证实：在检测种群遗传变异度大小方面，RAPD具有比同工酶更高的灵敏度和分辨率。Specimen of Penaeid shomp (Penaeus chinensis) of the wild population in the westem coastal wthers of Korean Peinnsular were collected in April 1997 from the overwintering warers in Yellow Sea (34°45' N 124°45'E)- Random ampified polymorphic DNA (RAPD technique was employed to detect the genetic variation of 33 individuals from the population. The reactions were performed by 45 cycles of 94℃ denaturation for 1 min, 36℃ annaling for 1 min and 72℃poymerization for 2 whn Compete extension was don by 72℃ for 10 min. Each primer used for the detection could produce 1-10 molecular markers. Amplification with 20 primers Prodoced 105 distinctive and reproducible fingerprints varying in length from 180-2 200bP, 41 of which were Polymorphic and the Proportion of poymorphic loci was 39%. The amPified fragments were scored as present (1) or absent (0) for each DNA sample and an index of degree of band sharing (F) was calculated by using Nei and Li's matohing coefficient method. The average genehc distance (1 - F)and mean heterozygosity (He) used to evaluate population genehc strucbe were 0.093 and 0.217 6,respectively, indicating a low genetic diversity in wild Korean Peninsula population of P chinensis.Lack of genetic cliversity not only challenged the existence fate of P chinensis, bu also was one of the reasons of why P chinensis hadl low resistance against disease and adverse environmentFuthermore, on the basis of the experiment RAPD had higher sensihvity and resolution than allozyme as far as examining genetic variations in natural populations is concemed.

关 键 词：中国对虾 RAPD 遗传多样性 多态位点 DNA 

分 类 号：Q959.223.5[生物学—动物学] S968.226[农业科学—水产养殖]