下呼吸道感染病原菌的分布及耐药监测  

Distribution of pathogenic bacteria causing lower respiratory tract infections and drug resistance surveillance

作　　者：刘小华[1] 温善华[1] 吕志英[1] 谢芳钰 李云[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西省兴国县人民医院检验科,江西兴国县342400

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2011年第16期3512-3514,共3页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

摘　　要：目的调查医院下呼吸道感染病原菌的构成比及耐药性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供科学依据。方法留取下呼吸道感染患者的标本进行常规细菌培养分离,用珠海迪尔医学细菌鉴定对分离的菌株进行鉴定及药敏试验。结果从下呼吸道标本中共分离出1208株病原菌,分离率前5位的依次为铜绿假单胞菌占21.1%、大肠埃希菌占18.3%、白色假丝酵母菌占13.1%、肺炎克雷伯菌占12.4%、金黄色葡萄球菌占10.7%;产ESBLs大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌的阳性检出率分别为69.5%和48.5%,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)阳性率为48.5%;病原菌的耐药性有逐年增加趋势。结论应加强对病原菌的监测与控制,以防耐药菌在医院内播散流行。OBJECTIVE To investigate the percentages of pathogenic bacteria causing nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections and their drug resistance,so as to provide a scientific basis for clinical rational use of antibiotics.METHODS Specimens from patients with lower respiratory tract infection were obtained for routine bacterial culture and isolation.Identification of medical bacteria from Zhuhai DL Medical Biotech Co.,LTD.was used for identifying the isolated strains and for susceptibility testing.RESULTS Among pathogenic bacteria isolated from the lower respiratory tract,the isolation rates of the top five were 21.1% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa,18.3% for Escherichia coli,13.1% for Candida albicans,12.4% for Klebsiella pneumoniae,and 10.7% for Staphylococcus aureus.Among them,the positive rate of E.coli and K.pneumonia producing ESBLs were 69.5% and 48.5%,respectively,and of methicillin-resistant S.aureus（MRSA） was 48.5%.Drug susceptibility results showed that bacterial resistance had an increasing trend year by year.CONCLUSION Surveillance and control on pathogenic bacteria should be strengthened,so as to prevent the dissemination and prevalence of drug resistant bacteria in hospitals.

关 键 词：下呼吸道感染 病原菌 耐药性 监测 

分 类 号：R378[医药卫生—病原生物学]