步林在青海柴达木盆地的早期工作记录——经典脊椎动物化石地点与现代地层框架的解译(英文)  

EARLY EXPLORATIONS OF QAIDAM BASIN (TIBETAN PLATEAU) BY BIRGER BOHLIN—RECONCILING CLASSIC VERTEBRATE FOSSIL LOCALITIES WITH MODERN BIOSTRATIGRAPHY

作　　者：王晓鸣[1,2,4] 颉光普[3] 李强[1] 邱铸鼎[1] 曾志杰[2,4] Gary T. TAKEUCHI 王伴月[1] 傅铭楷[5] Asta ROSENSTROM-FORTELIUS Hakan WAHLQUIST 董维霖 张春福[9] 王杨[9] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,脊椎动物进化系统学重点实验室,北京100044 [2]美国洛杉矶自然历史博物馆,洛杉矶CA90007 [3]甘肃省博物馆,兰州730050 [4]美国南加州大学,洛杉矶CA90007 [5]芬兰赫尔辛基大学,赫尔辛基FIN-00014 [6]芬兰赫尔辛基Ado lfLindfors vag 5A6,FIN-00400 [7]瑞典民俗博物馆,斯德哥尔摩10252 [8]美国北亚利桑那大学,佛拉格斯塔夫AZ 86001 [9]美国佛罗里达州立大学,塔拉哈西FL32306

出　　处：《古脊椎动物学报》2011年第3期285-310,共26页Vertebrata Palasiatica

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目( 编号: KZCX2-YW- Q09);国家自然科学基金重点项目( 批准号:40730210) ;美国国家科学基金( 编号: EAR - 0446699,0444073,0958704) 资助

摘　　要：1931 ～ 1932 年,博格·步林两次率领中瑞考察团( 又名斯文·赫定考察团) 到青海省柴达木盆地东部进行考察,在克鲁克湖与托素湖地区首次发现了丰富的新近纪哺乳动物化石。这批化石成为我国早期青藏高原古生物研究的奠基石。直至今日,双湖地区仍是青藏高原脊椎动物化石最丰富、研究程度最高的地区。柴达木盆地新近纪的堆积巨厚且连续,地层构造相对简单,盆地北缘地层出露好,是研究陆生哺乳动物演化的理想地点。然而,双湖地区地层的时代跨度超过 13 My,厚度接近 4600 m,如果化石层位不明,很容易引起动物群成分的混乱。步林对此似乎缺乏足够的认识,对所有采集的化石未做分层处理,导致后人对"柴达木动物群"年代的解释引起不少异议。步林并非对地层不重视。恰恰相反,他如同在甘肃塔奔布鲁克盆地的工作中那样,在缺乏地形图和地质资料的条件下做了大量的基础地层工作。他利用明显的地物( 山顶)和地质构造( 背斜) 作为参照系统,仔细地记录了化石的出露地点,并编制了一些草图。步林去世后,家属把他的野外记录留给赫定档案馆( Svan Hedin Archives) ,在斯德哥尔摩分几处收藏。遗憾的是,如同塔奔布鲁克盆地的情况,步林未能发表很多十分关键的化石地点资料,而发表的地质记录却被多数人忽略,所出版的游记也鲜为人知,个人档案记录更是深埋于历史的文献中。直到 1999 年,本文第一作者才首次接触到一些步林的野外原始资料。经过近 10 年多次对赫定档案馆的访问和对步林原始记录反复的野外核实,最终才将步林的经典地点结合进现代地层顺序的框架中。本文是继对步林塔奔布鲁克盆地燕丹图动物群经典地点与地层的研究后,进一步对其柴达木盆地化石地点的厘定与复原,是本系列文章之二。目的是将过去混淆于各地点的动物群逐一解译,将�The discovery by Birger Bohlin of a series of vertebrate fossil sites in the twin lakes region ( Tuosu Nor and Keluke Nor) of eastern Qaidam Basin during the Sino-Swedish Expedition in 1931 and 1932 was a major milestone in vertebrate paleontology for the Tibetan Plateau. Qaidam fossil mammals collected by Bohlin still represent the best collections from the plateau and serve as an important reference point for a period of time that saw dramatic climatic changes. The more than 4600 m of strata in eastern Qaidam, spanning over 13 million years in time, are ideal for establishing a detailed biostratigraphic record, but Bohlin's published specimens lack any reference to stratigraphy, which causes much confusion about the nature of his "Tsaidam Fauna."Bohlin did, however, make a fairly detailed documentation of locality information, much of which remains buried in archival records in Stockholm. This paper is an attempt to reconstruct Bohlin's fossil localities by synthesizing relevant archives and historical accounts, as well as field observations of our own during the past 13 years. Fieldnotes in Swedish are translated to English and several field sketches are published for the first time. As a result, we are able to relocate many fossil localities that are of stratigraphic and taxonomic importance.Bohlin mainly collected in three major areas, along the northwestern shore of Tuosu Nor, south of Huaitoutala, and south of Quanshuiliang train station, each with stratigraphic settings of their own. In his published descriptions, all fossils are included in his "Tsaidam Fauna." With the help of his notes and sketches and our field verification, we are now in a position to recognize at least three faunal horizons among Bohlin's collections: middle Miocene (Tunggurian) Olongbuluk Fauna, early late Miocene (early Bahean) Tuosu Fauna, and early Pliocene (Yushean) Huaitoutala Fauna.Of these fossil sites, Bohlin's Tuosu Nor locality is the best constrained within the modern stratigraphic framework due to the relatively short s

关 键 词：柴达木盆地东部 脊椎动物化石 青海省 地层 工作记录 地点 早期 哺乳动物化石 

分 类 号：Q915.86[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]